648 CHIROPTERA. 



Sub-fam. 1. Emballonurinae. Tail perforating the interfemoral 

 membrane and appearing on its upper surface or terminating in 

 it ; legs long ; upper incisors weak. Furia F. Cuv., 1 sp., Brazil. 

 Amorphochilus Ptrs., 1 sp., Peru. Emhallonura Temm., 7 sp., Mada- 

 gascar, Malay Arch. Coleura Ptrs., 2 sp., S.-E. Afr., Seychelles. 

 Rhynchonycteris Ptrs., 1 sp., Neotrop. Saccopieryx Illig., 7 sp., 

 Neotrop. Taphozous E. Geoff., 11 sp., Ethiop., Orient, and Aust. 

 Regions. Dididurus Wied., 2 sp., Neotrop. Noctilio L., first upper 

 incisors close together, giving a rodent-like appearance, feed on 

 fish, 2 sp., C. and S. Amer. Rhinopoma E. Geoff., 1 sp., from Egypt 

 through Asia Minor to India and Bui-mah. 



Sub-fam. 2. Molossinae. Tail thick, produced far beyond the 

 posterior margin of the interfemoral membrane (except in Myata- 

 cina) ; legs short and strong, with large feet, of which the first toe 

 and often the fifth are much larger than the others, the feet are free 

 from the wing membrane ; of all bats the most fitted for terrestrial 

 progression. Molossus E. Geoff., 10 sp., neotrop. Nyctinomua 

 E. Geoff., 32 sp., trop. and warmer temp, zones of both hemispheres. 

 Mystacina Gray, 1 sn., N. Zealand. 



Fam. Phyllostomldae. With cutaneous 

 processes either surrounding or close 

 to the nostrils ; with moderately large 

 ears and well-developed tragi ; with 3 

 phalanges in the middle and 1 phalanx in 

 the index finger ; and with generally well 

 developed united premaxillae ; dentition 

 variable. This family includes insecti- 

 vorous, frugivorous, and blood-sucking 

 forms. Confined to the Neotropical 

 Region ; 36 genera. 



Sub-fam. 1. Natalinae. Natalua Gray, 

 -^ - 3 sp. 



Fig. 327.— Head of Vampyrus Sub fam. 2. Mormopinae. Nostrils ter- 

 spectram (Regne animal). minal, opening by simple apertures, not 

 margined by a distinct nose-leaf ; chin with expanded leaf-like append- 

 age. Chilonycteria Gray, 6 sp. Mormopa Leach, 2 sp. 



Sub-fam. 3. Phyllostominae. Nostrils opening on the upper 

 surface of the muzzle, and surrounded by a nose-leaf ; chin with 

 warts. Lonchorhina Tomes, 1 sp. Macrotus Gray, 3 sp. Macro- 

 phyllum Gray, 1 sp. Vampyrus E. Geoff., insectivorous and frugi- 

 vorous, 2 sp. ; V. spectrum L. (Fig. 327), which was supposed to be 

 a blood-sucker, is mainly frugivorous. Other genera are, Lophoa- 

 toma, Schizostoma, Olyphonycteria, Trachyops, Phylloderma, Phyl- 

 loatoma, Tylostoma, Mimon, Carollia, Rhinophylla, Glossophaga, 

 Phyllonycteria, Monophyllus , Ischnoglossa, Lonchoglossa, Anura, 

 Choeronycteria, Lichonycteria, Artibeus, Vampyrops, Chiroderma, 

 Stenoderma, Ectophylla, Ametrida, Pygoderma, Sturnira, Brachy- 

 phylla, Centurio. 



The true blood-suckers or vampires belong to this sub-family. They 

 are Desmodus Wied. (2 sp.), without molar teeth and calcar, and 

 Diphylla Spix. (1 sp.), with a small molar in each jaw and small 

 calcar. The dentition is i ^ c \ p ^ m \i;%, the upper incisors 

 are large, canine-like and trenchant, the oesophagus very narrow, and 



