496 



THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION 



but rather that they are obscure and complex, and that they have 

 not yet been demonstrated in the same convincing manner as the 

 broad fact of evolution. Biologists are convinced that the ship 

 crossed the ocean of time, and they know something of the course 



Fig. 260. 



Fi(i. 261. 



Fig. 260.— Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), comparative anatomist and paleon- 

 tologist. 



(From Locy, "Biology and its Makers," copyright, 1908, by Henry Holt & Co., reprinted 

 by permission.) 



Fig. 261.— Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875), author of the "Principles of 

 Geology" (1830), a book that established the doctrine of evolution in geology. 



(From Pirsson and Schucbert, "Textbook of Geology," John Wiley & Sons, copyright, 

 1921, reprinted by permission.) 



pursued, although they do not yet understand the causes that made 

 the ship go. 



In the light of the foregoing explanation, one can understand 

 certain popular misconceptions regarding the opinions of many 

 scientific men upon evolution. The word " Darwinism " is unfor- 

 tunately used as a synonym for evolution, because Charles Darwin 

 in his " Origin of Species " (1859) was the first to convince the 

 scientific world of the truth of evolution as a historic fact. Dar- 

 win's distinctive contribution, however, was the theory of " Nat- 



