LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 123 



start the proper movements to acquire some of it, to satisfy the 

 customers' demands. This series of events corresponds in a way 

 to the aUied and chain reflexes that are controlled by centers of 

 the brain other than those of the cerebral cortex. 



We may next assume that the sales and purchasing managers 

 cannot adjust the situation that is presented to them until the 

 points involved have been passed on by higher officials. A general 

 policy of the firm may have to be considered. In that case the 



Fig. 67. — .4. Section of a bird's retina showing all the cell-layers. The rods 

 and cones are the blackened cells in layers 6 and 7. The inner ends of their 

 processes have sjmapses, in layer 5, with processes of the bipolar neurones that 

 I)ass across layer 4. In layer 3 the bipolar neurone processes have synapses with 

 dendrites of the neurones of layer 2. The axons of the nerve cells of layer 2 

 make up the optic ner^-e and pass out from layer L B. Showing three outer 

 layers of retina. The middle cell is a cone, the three on each side are rods. 



(Both figures from Schafer, "Essentials of Histology," copyright, 1916, by Longmans, 

 Green and Co., reprinted by permission.) 



information would finalh' be carried to the directors, who with 

 all the details before them would adjust the situation, with refer- 

 ence to previous circumstances, in the way that was best for the 

 company's affairs. This decision of the directors would be placed 

 in effect by the lesser officials who handle many matters without 

 the directors' immediate consent. The actions of the directors 

 can be thought of as being comparable with conscious cerebral 

 adjustments in the higher vertebrates, where pre\'ious experience 

 based on many types of stimuli results in intelhgent coordination 



