HUMAN EVOLUTION 



535 



VNvA 



Evidence from Fossils and Artifacts. — Further evidence of 

 man's descent appears in the remains of pre-human beings dis- 

 covered in Java and in Africa, and especially those of the Pleisto- 

 cene in Europe (cf. Fig. 285 and Figs. 289 to 292). The record is 

 becoming more extensive year by year, although it can never be 

 so complete as that of animals whose habits render them more 

 likely to become fossilized. Fortu- 

 nately, the fossil record of man is sup- 

 plemented by artifacts, weapons and 

 implements of stone or other enduring 

 material (Figs. 293 and 294), by rock 

 carvings (Fig. 295), and by signs of his 

 activities like the making of fire. In 

 Europe, great camp sites have been 

 discovered, as shown by the numerous 

 implements, roasted bones, and oth6r 

 debris, although there may not be even 

 a skeletal fragment of the man-like 

 beings that must have frequented 

 these localities for innumerable gen- 

 erations. 



The most extensive series of human I'^"- 292.-Neanderthal man, 



, , -11 Homo neanderlhalensis, re- 



and pre-human remams have been , , , y tt at r^ f ^ 



stored by J. H. McGregor from 



found m the European region, although y^^ ^1.^11 ^f l^ Chapelle-aux- 

 itis not probable that Europe was the Saints (cf. Figs. 2So and 291). 

 original home of man. The discovery This is the same as Fig. 291E 



of the ape-man of Java (Fig. 289 C), ^it^ addition of hair and eyebrows, 



. . - . and suggestion of beard not sufficient 



and of an even earher type m Atrica to obscure form of chin, a few 



(Fig. 290), point to Asia, or perhaps the ^""kles were added and the iris and 

 . 11 e • • pupil incised so that their shadows 



African continent, as the place ot origin ^jg^t jend life to the eyes. (Photo, 

 for earlv types whose descendants mi- ^y a. f. Huettner, copyright by 



T ■ , . J. H. McGregor, reprinted by 



grated into Europe. It is not strange permission.) 

 that more of these fossils should have 



been reported from Europe than from any other part of the world, 

 since the finds in this region have led to extensive exploration and 

 popular interest; and where these conditions exist, the attention 

 of competent authorities is often called to remains discovered in 

 excavations made for other purposes. When Africa and Asia 

 are fully explored, many additions will no doubt be made to the 

 present list. 



