HUMAN EVOLUTION 



533 



Fig. 289.— Skulls of anthro- 

 poids and pre-human races. 



A, adult chimpanzee. B, re- 

 construction of adult skull of 

 Australopithecus a/ricanus (cf. Figs. 

 285 and 290), the newly discov- 

 ered ape of Taungs, South Africa. 

 C, restoration of Pithecanthropus 

 erectus, the ape-man of Trinil, 

 Java. D, restoration of Eoan- 

 Ihropus daivsoni, the dawn-man of 

 t'lltdown, England. (Redrawn from 

 Broom, Xatural History, Vol. XXV, 

 courtesy American [Museum of 

 Natural History and author). 



been indicated in connection with the 

 structures mentioned in the foregoing 

 descriptions. These are further illus- 

 trated by blood tests {cf. p. 523) which 

 show a closer resemblance between 

 man and the higher apes than between 

 man and any other animals; and by 

 the reactions to certain diseases, as 

 well as all the more general func- 

 tions. It is impossible to discover any 

 essential physiological reaction in man 

 that is not paralleled in the higher apes 

 and even in the monkeys. These 

 physiological resemblances would not 

 be so important of themselves, but 

 they are significant as corroborative of 

 all the other evidence. 



Fig. 290. — The most recent discovery of pre- 

 human remains, Australopithecus africanus, 

 found at Taungs, South Africa {cf. Fig. 

 289 B). 



The shape and size of the brain is shown by 

 material that filtered into the skull cavity and 

 hardened into stone. The remainder of the skull 

 was destroyed in the quarrying operations that 

 unearthed the specimen. The low forehead, angle 

 of chin, teeth, and brain capacity make this species 

 a very important find. (After Dart from Broom, 

 Natural History, Vol. XXV, courtesy American 

 Museum of Natural History and author.) 



