358 THE LOCUST 



Reproductive System. — Reference has been made to the external 

 differences between males and females in the account of external 

 features. The two testes, which occupy a position dorsal to the 

 intestine and rectum, are composed of many tubules closely bound 

 together. The tubules of each testis open into the anterior end of 

 a vas deferens which passes on either side of the body to the ejac- 

 ulatory duct (Fig. 180 B). This duct lies in a median ventral posi- 

 tion and extends posteriorly and dorsally to the external genital 

 opening at the base of the penis. The accessory glands, which com- 

 municate with the system at the anterior end of the ejaculatory 

 duct, secrete a fluid that is apparently necessary in the transfer 

 of the spermatozoa from male to female during sexual union. The 

 parts of the female correspond to those of the male. The two 

 ovaries are composed of tubules, each containing eggs arranged 

 in a linear series from the earhest stages at the inner end of the 

 tubule to those that are ready to pass into the oviduct. The 

 paired oviducts, into which these ovarian tubules open on either 

 side, unite in a median ventral portion, the vagina (Fig. 180 A). 

 There is also a tubular structure, the seminal receptacle, which 

 opens within the space enclosed by the ovipositor, and which may 

 be compared with the accessory gland of the male. The sperma- 

 tozoa received by the female at the time of sexual union are stored 

 within this seminal receptacle until used for fertilization at the 

 time of egg laying (Fig. 186). 



Nervous Syste7n. — The nervous system of the grasshopper, 

 (Figs. 176 and 181), like that of the crayfish and other arthropods 

 (cf. Fig. 164, p. 337) consists of a dorsal ganglionic mass called 

 the brain, a pair of circum-esophageal connectives, and a ventral 

 nerve cord composed of paired ganglia and their connectives. The 

 resemblance to the type of nervous system found in the Annulata 

 {cf. p. 297) is obvious. It will be recalled that "connectives" 

 are the antero-posterior connections between the ganglia of such 

 a system, and "commissures" the transverse unions; and that 

 one expects to find a pair of ganglia for each segment of the 

 body. When such a pair of ganglia are completely fused they 

 may be spoken of in the singular as a ganglion. In the Carolina 

 locust, the brain Ues dorsal to the anterior end of the digestive 

 tract between the compound eyes (Fig. 181 A). It consists of a 

 median mass and large lateral lobes, the optic ganglia, which 

 are closely applied to the bases of the compound eyes. The 



