CONTENTS 



Preface . 



Page 



V 



PART THREE— SPECTROSCOPY AND FLUORESCENCE 

 OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS 



Chap. 21. Absorption Spectra of Pigments in Vitro 603 



A. Absorption Spectra of Chlorophyll and Its Derivatives 603 



1. Absorption Spectra of Chlorophylls a and b 603 



2. Absorption Spectra of Chlorophylls c and d, Bacteriochlorophyll 



and Protochlorophyll 614 



3. Relation between Absorption Spectrum and Molecular Struc- 

 ture of Porphin Derivatives 619 



4. Some Theoretical Remarks on the Spectrum of Chlorophyll. . . 630 



(a) The Term System 630 



(b) Life-Time of the Excited States of Chlorophyll 633 



B. Influence of JVIedium on Absorption Spectrum of Chlorophyll and 

 Bacteriochlorophyll 635 



1. Solvent Effect in the Spectra of Chlorophyll and Bacterio- 

 chlorophyll 637 



2. Absorption Spectrum of Colloidal and Adsorbed Chlorophyll. . 649 



C. Absorption Spectra of the Carotenoids 656 



1 . Experimental Results 656 



2. Theoretical Considerations 662 



D. Absorption Spectra of the Phycobilins 664 



Bibliography 668 



Chap. 22. Light Absorption by Pigments in the Living Cell 672 



A. Light Absorption by Plants 673 



1. General Remarks 673 



2. Average Transmittance and Reflectance of Leaves and Thalli in 

 White Light. Intensity Adaptation and Movements of Chloro- 

 plasts 677 



3. Absorption by Nonplastid Pigments 684 



B. Spectral Properties of Plants : 686 



1. Empirical Plant Spectra 686 



2. Band Maxima of Chlorophyll and Bacteriochlorophyll in the 

 Spectra of Living Plants 697 



(a) Red Band of Chlorophyll a 697 



(b) Red Band of Chlorophyll b 701 



(c) Red and Infrared Bands of Bacteriochlorophyll 702 



(d) Blue-Violet Bands of Chlorophyll 705 



(e) Protochlorophyll 705 



vii 



