Vlll CONTENTS 



Chapter 22, contd. PaGE 



3. Absorption Bands of Accessory Pigments in Live Cells 705 



4. True Absorption Spectrum of the Pigment Mixture in the Liv- 

 ing Cell 709 



C. Distribution of Absorbed Energy among Pigments 717 



L Effects of Spatial Distribution of Pigments in the Cell 717 



2. Apportionment of Absorption in Uniform Mixture 718 



3. Absorption by Chlorophylls a, 6, c and d 719 



4. Absorption by Carotenoids in Green Plants 721 



5. Absorption by Carotenoids in Brown Algae 723 



6. Absorption by Carotenoids and Phycobilins in Blue-Green 

 Algae 728 



Appendix. Natural Light Fields 730 



Bibliography 736 



Chap. 23. Fluorescence of Pigments in Vitro 740 



A. Fluorescence of Chlorophyll in Vitro 740 



1. Fluorescence Spectra of Chlorophyll and Its Derivatives in 

 Solution 740 



2. Yield of Fluorescence and Life-Time of the Excited States of 

 Chlorophyll 751 



3. Factors Limiting the Yield of Fluorescence 755 



(a) Internal Conversion (Physical Dissipation of Excitation 

 Energy) 756 



(b) Isomerization or Dissociation ("Mononiolecular" Chemical 

 Quenching) 756 



(c) Reaction with Foreign Molecules ("Bimolecular" Chemical 

 Quenching) 756 



(d) Bulk Transfer of Electronic Energy 757 



(e) Self-Quenching 759 



4. Influence of Solvent on Yield of Chlorophyll Fluorescence 763 



5. Influence of Concentration on Yield of Fluorescence. Self- 

 Quenching. Fluorescence of Chlorophyll in Colloids and 

 Adsorbates 772 



6. Quenching and Activation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence by 

 Admixtures 777 



7. Long-Lived Active States and Afterglow of Chlorophyll 790 



8. Summary — A Scheme of Fluorescence and Sensitization 795 



B. Fluorescence of Carotenoids and Phycobilins in Vitro 798 



1. Fluorescence of Carotenoids 798 



2. Fluorescence of Phycobilins 799 



Bibliography 801 



Chap. 24. Fluorescence of Pigments in Vivo 805 



1 . Fluorescence Spectra of Plants 806 



2. Fluorescence Yield and Sensitized Fluorescence in Vivo 812 



3. Effects of Heat and Humidity on Chlorophyll Fluorescence 



in Vivo 817 



4. Variations of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Related to Photo- 

 synthesis 819 



Bibliography 826 



