264 



COLLEGE ZOOLOGY 



Coreidae. Squash bugs 

 Pentatomidae. Stink bugs (Fig. 129) 



Order 16. Homoptera (Gr. homos, same). 

 Cicadas, leafhoppers, aphids, scales (Fig. 157). 

 Metamorphosis gradual; mouth parts for pierc- 

 ing and sucking; usually two pairs of wings of 

 uniform thickness held over back, like sides 

 of roof; a few families as follows: 



Cicadidae. Cicadas 



Cercopidae. Spittle insects (Fig. 129) 

 Membracidae. Treehoppers 

 Cicadellidae. Leafhoppers 

 Aphididae. Plant lice (Fig. 157) 

 Phylloxeridae. Phylloxcrids 

 Aleyrodidae. Whiteflies 

 Coccidae. Scale insects 



Order 17, Dermaptera (Gr. derma, skin). 

 Earwigs (Fig. 129). Metamorphosis gradual; 

 chewing mouth parts; wingless or with one or 

 two pairs of wings; forewings small, leathery, 

 and meeting in a straight line along back; 

 hindwings large, membranous, and folded 

 lengthwise and crosswise under forewings; 

 forcepslike cerci at posterior end of abdomen. 

 Ex. Forficula auricularia. 



Order 18. Coleoptera (Gr. koleos, sheath). 

 Beetles (Figs. 149, 154 and 157). Metamor- 

 phosis complete; chewing mouth parts; wingless 

 or usually with two pairs of wings; forewings 

 hard and shcathlike (elytra) and hindwings 

 membranous and folded under elytra; prothorax 

 large and movable; some of the families are 

 as follows: 



Cicindelidae. Tiger beetles (Fig. 154) 

 Carabidae. Ground beetles (Fig. 154) 

 Hydrophilidae. Water scavengers 

 Silphidae. Carrion beetles 

 Staphylinidae. Rove beetles 

 Dermestidae. Dermestids 

 Tenebrionidae. Darkling beetles, such as yel- 

 low mealworm beetles (Fig. 159) 

 Coccinellidae. Ladybird beetles (Fig. 154) 

 Scarabaeidae. Lamellicorn beetles (Fig. 149 

 Dytiscidae. Diving beetles 

 Gyrinidae. Whirligig beetles 

 Lampyridae. Fireflies 

 Meloidae. Blister beetles 

 Elateridae. Click beetles 

 Buprestidae. Wood borers 



Lucanidae. Stag beetles 

 Cerambycidae. Long-homed beetles 

 Chrysomelidae. Leaf beetles (Fig. 157) 

 Curculionidae. Snout beetles, such as cotton 



boll weevil (Fig. 157) 

 Scolytidae. Engraver beetles 



Order 19. Strepsiptera (Gr. strepsis, a turn- 

 ing). St\'lopids (Fig. 129). Hypermetamorpho- 

 sis; mouth parts vestigial or absent; endopara- 

 sitic in other insects; male with raspbcrrylike 

 eyes, tiny club-shaped forewings and large fan- 

 shaped membranous hindwings; female, larva- 

 like, eyeless, wingless, and legless; nutrition by 

 absorption; life cycle complex. As the descrip- 

 tion indicates, the Strepsiptera are in many re- 

 spects the most unique of all the insects. Ex. 

 Xenos wheeleri, a parasite of the wasp Polistes. 



Order 20. Mecoptera (Gr. mekos, length). 

 Scorpionflies (Fig. 129). Metamorphosis com- 

 plete; chewing mouth parts; antennae long and 

 slender; head prolonged into beak; wingless or 

 with two pairs of long, narrow, membranous 

 wings; some males with clasping organ at 

 caudal end resembling sting of scorpion. Ex. 

 Panorpa rufescens. 



Order 21. Trichoptera (Gr. thrix, hair). 

 Caddisflies (Figs. 129 and 149). Metamorpho- 

 sis complete; vestigial mouth parts in adult; 

 two pairs of membranous wings clothed with 

 long, silky hairs; many aquatic larvae build 

 portable cases. Ex. Phryganea interrupta. 



Order 22. Lepidoptera (Gr. lepis, scale). 

 Butterflies, skippers, and moths (Figs. 143, 

 1 57 and 1 59 ) . Metamorphosis complete; suck- 

 ing mouth parts; wingless or with two pairs of 

 membranous wings covered with overlapping 

 scales; sucking apparatus coiled underneath 

 head; lar\ae have chewing mouth parts and 

 are called caterpillars; sometimes spin cocoon; 

 pupa often called a chrysalis. A few families are 

 as follows: 



Families of Moths 



Tmeidae. Clothes moth (Fig. 159) 

 Tortricidae. Leaf rollers 

 Sphingidae. Hawk moths 

 Geometridae. Measuring worms 

 Lymantriidae. Tussock moths 

 Phalaenidae (Noctuidae). Owlet moths 

 Arctiidae. Tiger moths 

 Citheroniidae. Regal moths 



