624 



COLLEGE ZOOLOGY 



as well as to the ancestors of man. 

 The early human stage is represented by 

 two famous and closely related types: 

 Pithecanthropus of Java, and Sinanthropus 

 of China. The last stage is Homo sapiens. 

 The line that has culminated in man of 

 the present time is known from fossil re- 

 mains, and new finds are being reported 

 almost every year. The two physical factors 

 that have been of prime importance in de- 

 termining the evolutionar}' development of 

 man from an apelike primate are: (1) the 

 growth and high development of the brain 

 and (2) the perfection of the erect posture. 



African ape man 

 (Australopithecus afncanus) 



This first African ape man (Fig. 441) was 

 discovered in the early 1920's by Dart; since 

 then the rate of discovery has been very 

 high. These fossils have been described un- 

 der several generic names in Africia; and the 

 remains may be parts of over 100 individuals. 



Most authorities believe the Africa ape 

 man fossils are the remains of a primate 

 showing both the characteristics of the hu- 

 man family and the ape family. They are 

 blended to such an extent that it is diffi- 



Africa ape man 

 (Australopithecus) 



Neanderthal man 



Java ape man 



Cro-Magnon man 



Figure 441. The African ape man and early men of Europe and Asia. These concepts of the 

 appearance of prehistoric man come from fossil remains and are called restorations. (Africa ape 

 man after E.H. Colbert and others after restorations by J.H. McGregor.) 



