SKELETAL SYSTEMS AND MOVEMENT 



501 



Phalanges 



Metacarpals — M| 

 Carpals (wrist) 



Radius 

 Ulna 



Sternum (breastbone) 



Rib 



Thoracic vertebra 



Lumbar vertebra 



Innominate (os coxae 

 Sacrum (rump) 



Femur (thigh) 



Patella (kneecap) 



Tibia (shinbone) 

 Fibula (calf bone) 



Axial skeleton 



Appendicular 

 skeleton 



Cervical vertebra 

 Clavicle (collar bone) 



Scapula 

 (shoulder blade) 



Humerus 



□ 



Coccyx 



(tailbone) 



Tibia 

 Fibula 



Calcaneus (heel) 



Tarsals (ankle) 



Metatarsals 

 Phalanges 



Figure 369. The skeleton of man. The sex of an individual can be determined from the skeleton, 

 also the approximate age of the person at death. 



cyx in the female are less curved and pointed 

 more backward than in the male. This is 

 an adaptation for childbirth. The other 

 vertebrae are the cervical (7) in the neck, 

 the thoracic (12) in the thorax, and the 

 lumbar (5) in the loins; these move freely 

 on one another. The neural arch encloses 

 the spinal cord. 



In man the thorax is a bony cage con- 

 sisting of the sternum, costal cartilages, and 

 12 pairs of ribs. The first 7 pairs of ribs are 

 attached to the sternum by costal cartilages 

 and are called true ribs; the next 3 pairs are 

 attached to the costal cartilages of the ribs 

 just above them and are known as false 

 ribs; and the last 2 pairs are free in front and 



