318 TEXTBOOK OF ZOOLOGY 



A common species of Pliasmiclae is Parabacillus coloradus (Scud- 

 cler) and of the Mantidae is Litanseutria ohscura Scudder (Fig. 181). 

 Order Eemiptera. — This order includes the true bugs, insects with 

 piercing and sucking mouths ; the winged species with the front wings 

 leathery and hard near the base and membranous over the outer half. 

 Over twenty thousand species of bugs have been described. They are 

 widely distributed, and many are of considerable economic impor- 

 tance. The following represent some of the common families and 

 species: Family Pentatomidae, stink bugs, Chlorochroa sayi Stal, 

 and the harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) are common 

 species. The family Coreidae is represented by the squash bug, 

 Anasa tristis (DeG.) ; and the family Corizidae by the box-elder bug, 

 Leptocoris trivittatus (Say). The false chinch bug, Nysius ericae 

 (Schilling), is a common species of the family Lygaeidae. The lace 

 bug, CorytJiucha distincta Osborn and Drake is a handsome Tingi- 

 tidae; the common damsel bug NaUs ferus (L.) is typical of the 

 family Nabidae. The members of the family Miridae are numerous 

 and widely distributed. The tarnished plant bug, Lygus pratensis 

 (L.) is one of the commonest mirids in the United States. The water 

 striders, Gerridae; the back swimmers, Notonectidae ; and the giant 

 water bug-s, Belostomatidae are familiar to all who are acquainted 

 with the life of streams and ponds. The bedbugs belong to the family 

 Cimicidae, and Cimex lecUdarius L. is an example of a bloodsucking 

 species which is world-wide in distribution (Fig. 182). 



Order Homoptera. — Many of the most serious insect pests belong 

 to this order, also some species that are beneficial to man. Insects 

 with membranous wings and sucking mouths, such as the cicadas, 

 aphids, leaf hoppers, and scale insects, constitute this order. The 

 plant lice or aphids, belonging to the family Aphididae, are probably 

 one of a half dozen species of insects known by all. The rosy apple 

 aphid. Aphis roseus (Baker) is one of the most common and destruc- 

 tive apple aphids in the West. The beet root aphid. Pemphigus hetae 

 Doane, and the black cherry aphid, Myzus cerasi (Fab.), are destruc- 

 tive species. The potato psyllid, Parafriozoa cockerelli (Sulc), is one 

 of the very destructive Chermidae. The family Coccidae is a small 

 obscure group of insects, yet they are very destructive and hard to 

 control. Baker 's mealy bug, Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh. ; the cot- 

 tony maple scale, Pulvinaria vitis L. ; the San Jose scale, Aspidiotus 



