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TEXTBOOK OF ZOOLOGY 



esophagus, intercostal arteries to the ribs, lunil)ar branches to the 

 small of the back, ovarian or spermatic arteries to the gonads, the 

 coeliac axis to the crop, gizzard, duodenum, spleen, and liver; the 

 anterior mesenteric to the small intestine ; posterior mesenteric to 

 the large intestine; external iliac or crural arteries branching to the 

 pelvis and thigh ; and, the ischiadic continues one to each posterior 

 limb where it branches to all parts. 



r. jugular 



r.brachial 

 r. subclavian 

 ventricle 

 Ctipped anteriorly) 

 r, pre cava 



l.precava 

 r. pectoral 



■^R. ATRIUM 

 L. ATRIUM 

 PULMONARY 

 HEPATIC 



POSTCAVA 

 HEPATIC PORTAL 



GASTRO- 



DUODENAL 



ANTERIOR 



MESENTERIC 



COMMON ILIAC 



POSTERIOR - 



MESENTERIC 



FEMORAL 



RENAL 



COCCYGEO- 



MESENTERIC 



INTERNAL 



ILIAC 



CAUDAL 



Fig. 322. — Veins of cliicken from ventral view. (Drawn by Titus Evans.) 



Excretory System 



The urinary apparatus of the bird consists of two metanephric 

 kidneys, from each of which a ureter extends and empties into the 

 cloaca. The kidneys are about 2i/4 inches long, made up of three 

 irregular lobes, and located above the peritoneum in the lumbosacral 

 region. Each is made up of Malpighian bodies, uriniferous tubules. 



