THE ANIMAL AND ITS ENVIRONMENT 729 



Succession on the Canadian River Flood Plain. (Data From Hefley.) 



STAGE IN DEVELOPMENT 1 A 6 ^ O o 



Paralimna appendiculatum x* 



ny 



Heteroeerus pallidas x 



Beetle (Algae and detritus) 



Bembidion laevigatum x x 



Beetle (Algae and detritus) 



Cicindela hirticollis x x x 



Tiger Beetle (small insects) 



Cicindela cupraseens x x x 



Tiger Beetle (small insects) 



Cicindela punctulata x 



Tiger Beetle (small insects) 



Mutillidae x 



Velvet ants (insects and spiders) 



Apion pennsylvanicum x 



Weevil (cocklebur) 



Haltica bimarginata x x x 



Beetle (willow) 



Phalacrus politus x 



Beetle (willow) 



Stictocephala lutea x 



Tree hopper (willow, cottonwood) 



Cicadella gothica x 



Leaf hopper (willow) 



Dorytomus squamosus x 



Weevil (willow) 



Strongylocomis stygicus x 



Bug (coral berry) 



Epitrix brevis x 



Flea Beetle (Miscellaneous plants) 



Brief descriptions of stages: 



1. Mud flat with blue-gi-een algae, later liverworts. 



2. Sedges, willow and cottonwood seedlings in addition to 1. 



3. Second level. Sand, sedges, willows, cottonwoods, cockleburs. 



4. Third level. Grasses, willows, cottonwoods. 



5. Third level. Cottonwoods, fewer willows. 



6. Fourth level. Elm-oak forest with shrub undergrowth. 



*x indicates the presence of the species as an important member of the com- 

 munity. 



fly. Tiger beetle larvae come a little later, and then seedlings of 

 willow and cottonwood. During the course of a year or so blowing 

 sand is deposited so that the level of the ground is raised several 

 feet, willows and cottonwoods increase in size, and other plants 



