34 



THE JOURNAIv OF PHARMACOLOGY. 



6. Ba7nboo-cayie is much employed in China, Jamaica, England and 

 other countries for making paper. Especially the fine papers known by 

 the name of Chinese silk-papers, are made of bamboo fiber, partly of old 

 bamboo-wood, and partly of wood of younger growth. Wiesner states 

 that in bamboo papers one finds bast fibers of very varying forms, which 

 may be traced back to the three following forms : i. Short (average 

 length, 720 mikra) ; narrow ones, with but a filiform lumen. 2. Long, 

 broad, not much thickened, of but 17 mikra diameter, and 3. Long, ribbon- 

 like flat fibers, which vary in width, and which are often twisted similarly 

 to cotton fibers. One also encounters in bamboo papers a few ducts (re- 



FiG. s. Jute Paper.— Showing F. the Bast Fibers with rounded and sharpened ends and cross sec- 

 tions of fibers. 



ticulated, dotted, as well as annular ducts, and some spirally thickened 

 ones). Single annular rings are frequently seen. 



7. Jute (see Fig. 5) for principal elements. 



8. Paper Mulberry Tree (Broussonetia papyrifera) (Fig. 6). — In this 

 fiber the thin, loose and broad cellulose membrane which envelopes it is 

 particularly characteristic, and further the short rod-like or prismatic crys- 

 tals that are often seen adhering to the fibers. They are made prominent 

 with polarized light. The mulberry-tree fibers are the longest fibres used 

 in making paper. To them is due the tenacity of Japanese and of some 

 Chinese papers. They also render it possible to make extremely light and 

 delicate papers with a wide mesh. 



( To be continued. ) 



