THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 143 



[a) Give equations illustrating method of preparation from calcium hydroxid. 

 {d) How va.&y perchlorates be prepared from chlorates ? 



(r) What products are formed upon heating chlorates with hydrochloric and sul- 

 furic acids respectively ? 



14. Amines, 

 (a) Define. 



{b) Into what classes are they divided ? 



{c) Show by equatious how they are produced. 



(^/) Mention an important syntheti:: amine used in medicine. 



15. Give the commercial titles , and write out the stinclural formulce for the follow- 

 ing compounds : 



(a) Acet-para-phenetidin, {e) Benzaldehydc, 



{b) Alpha-oxy-propionic acid, (/) Beta-naphlhol, 



{c) Ethane-thiol, {g) Carbamide, 



{d) AUyl-iso-sulfocyanate, (A) Para-iso-propyl-meta-cresol. 



16. Alkaloids. 



(a) Define the term plant alkaloid. 



{b) Explain chemical and physical differences between these and the ptomaines. 



{c) How would you detect the presence of nitrogen ? 



[d) By means of what solvent is morphin removed from alkaline solution ? 



17. Formaldehyde. 



(a) Give its chemical formula. 

 ((5i) State how it is prepared on large scale. 

 {c) Name and describe its polymeric form. 



(rf) How may formaldehyde be separated and identified when present in food 

 products ? 



18. Give equations, and name products produced by the action of a mixture of nitric 

 and sulphuric acids on cotton ; also state how they may be distinguished from one 

 another. 



19. Define and give a chemical formula for the following : 

 (a) a Ketone, (/) a Nitril, 



i^b) an Alkyl haloid, {g) an Amino aliphatic acid, 



(c) an Acid chlorid, (A) an Acid amid, 



{d) a Mercaptan, (/) a Glycol, 



(if) a Disulfid, (7) an aromatic Diazo compound. 



20. Phenols. 



(a) Define a phenol, 



{b) Explain, giving the reactions involved in the synthetic production of this 

 class of bodies. 



(r) Give tests of identity for commercial " phenol." 



{d) Give name and formula of the compound produced by the action of concen- 

 trated nitric acid. 



(^) How would you distinguish a phenol from an aromatic alcohol ? 



21. Show by three equations, distinctive differences between aliphatic and benzene 

 derivatives. 



22. How do the " Petrolatums" differ chemically from the fixed oils and fats? 



23. Esters. 

 {a) Define. 



{b) Give examples of esters of organic or inorganic acids. 1 



(r) Explain "saponification," giving equations. 



