23 3 THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. 



20 generally 15 cm. in length, slightly wavy, almost straight, very uni- 

 forml}' thin (35 to 50 ,a) columnar and glossy like silk ; is without a 

 medulla, has a very thin and uniform epiderm whose cells seem to be 

 somewhat lifted off at the tip, which can be observed at the edge. The 

 fibrous cylinder is evenly, straightly striped and the individual fiber fis- 

 sures are conspicuous. At the tip the epiderm is lacking for several milli- 

 meters. The edge of the epidermal scales is thin and finely toothed. A 

 cross section will contain i to 3 cells. One to 2 cm. below the tip the 

 scales will be found to be thicker, higher, with a slightly thickened edge, 

 usually not straight, almost cylindrical ; their front edge is not finely 

 toothed, but has coarse notches and teeth. The entire fiber is free from 

 granules. 



Individual hairs 60 to 100 (also 150) // thick possess abroad medullary 

 cylinder and in structure resemble ordinary hairs of goats, but differ from 

 these by their more uniform thickness and slenderness. 



4. Thibet Wool {Paschmina, Cashmere Wool'). 



This is the fine wool hair of the Capra hircus laniger. Similar fine 

 wools are obtained from other breeds of goats. 



The bulk consists of wool hairs 13 to 26 <i- thick, very symmetrical, 

 almost columnar, coarsely curled and having a thick half to entirely 

 cylindrical scaled epiderm. 



The edge of the scales is slightly or not thickened. Within, the hairs 

 are fibrous, coarsely striate and have characteristic fiber fissures ; no 

 medulla. Microscopically the entire fiber seems somewhat stiff. Length 

 about 7 cm. The upper edge is about 7 // thick, but the natural tips are 

 seldom present. There are either no scales at the tip or they are so fine 

 that they are scarcely noticeable. The fiber is exactly columnar, in- 

 creasing rapidly from the usually broken-off tip to 26 ti in thickness ; the 

 scales are then finely toothed or may be drawn forward like a tooth. The 

 edge of the fiber is either finely serrate, or also drawn forward like a 

 tooth. The scales first become somewhat thickened further down. All 

 scales are high. 



A white down obtained from goats bred in south Russian steppes, and 

 a light brown one from a Bohemian goat showed the same morphological 

 properties as the real Paschmina. The Bohemian down only differed in 

 color, inasmuch as many fibers contain more or less large quantities of 

 red-brown pigment corpuscles. Bulbs are also found in it, but not in 

 Paschmina. In Thibet wool, grannen hairs are found, more or less, 

 which are white, 10-12 cm. long, and on the whole show the structure of 

 the ordinary hairs of goats. At the base the)'^ are about 70-80 p. thick, 

 without medulla, with narrow, almost cylindrical scales that are exceed- 



