262 Phillips on a Comparative Study of the 



and fuchsin the protoplasm and the web structure of the 

 central body were "erythrophil," while the "filling sub- 

 stance" of the central body, and the chromatin granules 

 were "cyanophil," but on account of what he termed the 

 "changeableness of its morphological characteristics" he 

 doubted whether all cell nuclei of higher organisms were 

 derived from the central body, though he regarded it as the 

 philogenetic forerunner of the nucleus. 



Zimmermann (94) gave a critical review of the opinions 

 of the different authors concerning the Cyanophycese, and 

 showed that there existed great confusion regarding the 

 granular constituents of the cell. This he attributed to false 

 identification of the granules. He identified the chromatin 

 granules of Nadson with the red granules of Biatschli, and 

 with the slime balls of Schmitz and Palla, while Nadson's 

 reserve granules he considered to represent the cyanophy- 

 cin granules of Palla. He retained the names "chromatin 

 granules" and "reserve granules," and considered that the 

 former represented a definite nucleus, which he found to be 

 insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, to stain a red-violet 

 with hsematoxylin, and to take up methyl blue by intra- 

 vitam staining, while the latter were soluble in dilute hydro- 

 chloric acid, stained blue in haematoxylin, and did not take 

 up the color by intra-vitam staining. Division he considered 

 to be direct by mere constriction of the cell contents, and thus 

 showed no similarity to karyokinesis. 



Macallum (49) in 1899 wrote a somewhat lengthy article 

 on the cytology of the Cyanophycese, in which he recorded 

 some very interesting experiments, especially micro-chem- 

 ical, but his results as given below were mainly negative. 

 In the living cells of the Cyanophycese he found two zones 

 demarcated, but easily discernible; one central, denser and 

 uncolored, and an outer peripheral one, containing the 

 pigment which was dissolved in a fluid contained in vesicles. 

 There was no evidence of a special chromatophore. The 

 central body Avas finely vesicular and, except in its periphery, 



