266 Phillips on a Comparative Study of the 



Vines (79) claimed that the cells of the Cyanophyceae 

 were nucleated, but that the chlorophyll and phycocyanin 

 were diffused throughout the cytoplasm and not aggregated 

 in special plastids. Motion was found in some of the Cya- 

 nophyceae, but its mechanism was not understood. Stock- 

 mayer (74), in an advance notice (the completed work of 

 which apparently has not yet appeared, though several years 

 have elapsed), took about the same ground as Palla con- 

 cerning the cell contents, though he claimed no new points 

 over other writers to support his thesis. The granules lay in 

 the peripheral protoplasm and not in the central body, which 

 he considered to be homogeneous, except for a web-like 

 structure as claimed by Biitschli. According to Langer- 

 heim (45), who worked on Glaucocystis nostochinearum, 

 no nucleus was present. In the younger cells, a chromato- 

 phore occurred in the form of a thread passing through the 

 central part of the colorless portion of the cell, but in the 

 older cells it changed its form to that of a granular mem- 

 brane enclosing the colorless portion, and was some dis- 

 tance from the cell wall. Reinhardt (65) worked upon 

 Oscillaria major ( ?), using picric acid as a fixing agent, and 

 hsematoxylin for staining. He saw very large granular 

 nuclei, the granules of which he termed nucleoli, but he could 

 not find the nucleus in all cells. The protoplasm had large 

 and small granules, the former of which he termed chroma- 

 tophores. Division was effected by a constriction of the 

 protoplasm through the ingrowth of a ring-like collar which 

 finally became the dividing wall. The work of Ernst (23) 

 was carried out mostly on bacteria that were forming spores, 

 i. e., on starved cultures. He found that by staining with 

 methylene blue and Bismarck brown he brought out certain 

 small blue spore-like bodies, which appeared before the 

 spores were formed and which he considered to be of the 

 nature of nuclei, i. e., composed of chromatin. The spores 

 were formed by a direct metamorphosis of these bodies, on 

 account of which he called them the "spore-producing 



