Howe : Notes on American Hepaticae 283 



confused, owing partly to the fact that is was not until 1881 and 

 1882 that Lindberg and Spruce began to distinguish, in their pub- 

 lished works at least, between the true Cephaloda connivms and 

 C. Inmdaefolia, and owing furthermore to some uncertainties at- 

 tending the determination of Jiingcrmannia multiflora of Hudson 

 (Fl. Angl. 431. 1762), The question of interpreting correctly 

 Hudson's /. multiflora, difficult at best, is needlessly complicated 

 by Dr. Spruce (/. c. 40) by quoting the 1778 edition of Hud- 

 son's Flora Anglica, where a supposed synonym from Linne's 

 Mantissa is introduced, though the original 1762 edition with- 

 out the Linnaean synonym is all that needs to be considered. 

 The original Jtingermannia multiflora seems to have been founded 

 wholly upon a plant described and figured by Dillenius (Hist. 

 Muse. 481. //. 6g. f. 4. 1 741). As noted already by Hooker, 

 Spruce, and Lindberg, the figures given by Dillenius point strongly 

 to Ccphalozia bicuspidata. It is quite impossible to believe that 

 they were drawn from specimens of C. connivens and Dillen's 

 words ''per letitem vero pcrangicsta" in describing the leaves 

 could not well apply to this species, yet Lindberg in 1875 

 (Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. 10 : 501), after determining the specimen in 

 the Dillenean herbarium bearing the corresponding name and 

 number from the Historia Muscorum to be the Jungermannia con- 

 nivens'^ of Dickson, brought forward for this species Hudson's 

 name multflora. Finally,! however, interpreting this " Liche- 

 nastrum multiflorum exile foliis angustissimis " of Dillenius by the 

 figure and description, Lindberg considers it a synonym of 

 Ccphalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dumort., which seems to us the most 

 reasonable course in the matter. Lindberg at the same time most 

 unwarrantably interprets Jiingermannia multiflora Huds. in the 

 light of additions made by Linnaeus nine years after its original pub- 

 lication and shifts the specific name multiflora to Lepidozia setacea 

 (Web.) Mitt. It is clear that if Jungermannia midtiflora Huds. 

 (1762) can be justly treated as a synonym of/, bicuspidata L. 

 (1753) it should always remain a " dead name." 



*This determination, it may be noted, was made several years before the distmc- 

 tions between the true C. connivens and C. lunulaefolia ( C. media Lindb. ) were rec- 

 ognized in print, at least, yet the statement that the Dillenian specimen is " C. conni- 

 vens (Dicks.) Lindb.," was repeated by Lindberg in 1883, two years after his publica- 

 tion of C. media. 



I Kritisk Gransk. Mossorna Dill. Hist. Muse. 38. 1883. 



