Howe: Phvcological studies 581 



A maximum' height of U mm. has since been observed and the 

 spores are sometimes oblong-ellipsoidal instead of obovoid. 



Fucus spiralis L. Sp. PI. i i 59. 1753 



The above name has now and then since the time of Linnaeus 

 been applied by European writers to certain forms of North Euro- 

 pean rockweeds representing doubtless two species, the one always 

 synoicous, the other a condition of the always dioicous F. vesicu- 

 losa. In America, the name has had little vogue, except as used 

 by Farlow * and others for a variety of F. vesiculosus, without 

 citation of Linnaeus. In 1883, Kjellman in "The Algae of the 

 Arctic Sea" f definitely recognized Fucus spiralis L. as a species, 

 though in 1890 % he renamed the species Fucus ArcscJiougii 

 Kjellm., having apparently become doubtful as to the identity of 

 the Linnaean plant. De-Toni §, however, a little later, quotes F. 

 Areschougii as a synonym of F. spiralis L. without any indications 

 of doubt, and more recently Borgesen || has given a detailed dis- 

 cussion of the subject, in which he considers not only F. Are- 

 schougii Kjellm. but also F. platycarpus Thuret to be synonyms 

 of F. spiralis L. Borgesen's determination of Fucus spiralis rests 

 chiefly on the Linnaean descriptions. As is well known, the 

 comparatively modern idea of nomenclatorial type-specimens was 

 not recognized by Linnaeus, and the herbarium that he left is not 

 always satisfactory or conclusive to the one who would see the 

 materials that he actually had before him in writing his descrip- 

 tions. Nevertheless, the specimens in the Linnaean herbarium 

 to which we may believe Linnaeus himself attached the name spir- 

 alis are of much interest in this connection and it maybe said that 

 they seem to support Borgesen's position. There are under this 

 name in the Linnaean herbarium, which we were permitted to ex- 

 amine through the courtesy of Mr. B. Daydon Jackson, two speci- 

 mens fastened to separate sheets, each inscribed at the bottom "4 

 spiralis " in Linnaeus' hand. Both specimens are fertile and both 

 are without vesicles. The wholly justifiable restrictions placed 



*Mar. Alg. N. E. 101. 1881. — Farl. And. & Eat. Alg. Exsic. Am. Bor. ioq bis. 



f Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 20 5 : 202. 



\ Handb. Skand. Ilafsalgflora, II. 



2 Syll. Alg. 3 : 207. 1895. 



|| Mar. Alg. Faeroes, 472-477. 1902. 



