336 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [November 



altitudes of Colorado, Utah, etc., that in some cases look even 

 specifically distinct. Such plants (for example. Baker, Earle, and 

 Tracy 293, Tweedy 745 pro parte) are commonly dwarfed, 2-3 . 5 cm. 

 high, and their diminutive involucres measure sometimes as low as 

 4-6 mm. in width at base during anthesis. It is these plants that 

 Gray named T. laevigatum. and later T. officinale var. scopulorum. 

 A study of numerous other specimens, however, especially from 

 Montana, Alberta, and British Columbia, reveals all possible 

 intergradations between the two extremes of foliage and involucre. 

 One of these forms' is the T. rupestre Greene, of which I have 

 studied the type and all the other material cited by Greene. 



Recently Rydberg (loc. cit.) has created the name Leontodon 

 scopulorum for the dwarf alpine forms of the Rocky Mountains, 

 but, as both Handel-Mazzetti and I have finally concluded, this 

 dwarf form is entirely inseparable from T. lyratum. Also, for 

 those who discard the name Taraxacum but persist in employing 

 the name Leontodon, the name Leontodon lyratus, as it was originally 

 published by Ledebour, should suffice. 



Handel-Mazzetti had seen no mature fruit of the materials 

 regarded by him as T. lyratum; but a duplicate (Jas. M. Macoun, 

 Mts. at Kicking Horse Lake, British Columbia, Hb. U.S. 219543) 

 of one of the specimens cited by himself (and seen by him at the 

 University of Vienna) has several mature achenes, which are 

 black. Numerous other Canadian specimens examined have like- 

 wise black or blackish achenes, but in certain cases these achenes 

 are slightly reddish near the top. At times sheets of material are 

 observed on which the specimens have variously few, many, or all 

 of their leaves spatulate or lanceolate, with margins merely dentate 

 or even subentire. Typical examples of this kind are: Knowlton 

 142, Arizona (Hb. U.S. 41949); Macoun, British Columbia (Hb. 

 Can. 98701; Hb. Field 483396); Coville and Kearney 1097, Alaska 

 (Hb. U.S. 376702); Walpole 1791, 1895, and 1987, Alaska (Hb. 

 U.S. 378905, 37901 1 and 379107 respectively). These specimens 

 are extremely important, for some of them match the specimens 

 of T. phymatocarpum from Greenland so minutely that all attempts 

 at separation are fruitless. Handel-Mazzetti (loc. cit. pi. 7) 

 presents a distributional map in which he shows T. lyratum ran- 



