6 Brachiopoda of the Cincinnati Growp. 



lies on nearly the same transverse plane as the styloid process. Other 

 peculiarities might be noticed, as, for instance, the comparatively large 

 external auditory meatus, occupying a position much anterior and in- 

 ferior to that of the hog. The orbit is more nearly closed by bone 

 than in the hog. 



These differences seem to indicate an animal more carnivorous than 

 the hog, while the comparative smallness of the superior portion of 

 the occiput suggests less of a rooting disposition. I may here suggest, 

 that, could it be shown that, in his day, large mollusks abounded in 

 the soft bottoms of shallow streams and estuaries, the conditions of his 

 comfortable existence would seem to have been fulfilled. 



A comparison with other living genera of this fixmily shows a very 

 near relationship to the peccaries. Prof. J. S. Newberry assures me 

 that in a comparison with the skeleton of the Mexican and the South 

 American peccary, it is found to be twice as large as the Mexican, and 

 a little larger than the South American. No detailed comparison of 

 the entire skeleton has yet been made, but, on comparing the heads of 

 the different species, there are differences apparently sufficient to con- 

 stitute three distinct species, making the fossil one under discussion a 

 new species. Themost striking peculiarities, however, of the head of 

 the fossil species are the small incisors, somewhat larger canines, thin- 

 ner and more compressed form of head, the evei'sion of the lower and 

 posterior angles of the lower jaw. 



Portions of this fossil animal have frequently been found in several 

 States of the Union, but there is no record of anything more than a 

 portion of a jaw or a cranium found in any one locality. To find a 

 round dozen of nearly entire skeletons in one locality is therefore most 

 extraordinary, and I hope and trust that out of this quantity of ma- 

 terial some comparative anatomist will not only determine its place in 

 the scale of creation, but will make a precise description of it. 



Monograph of the. Glass Brachiopoda of the Cincinnati Group. 



The class Brachicqwda was proposed by Cuvier in 1805, for bivalve 

 shell-fish having a pair of long, ciliated and usually spiral arms, by the 

 action of which a current of water is produced that carries the par- 

 ticles of food to the mouth, which is situated close to the base. In 

 1814, Blainville proposed the name Palliohranchiata, for the same class, 

 which is used by some naturalists in preference to Brachiopoda. They 



