126 OP STEMS. 



perfoliate!) t. 60 y and Pulmonaria ma- 

 ritimci) ^.368. 



StriatiiSj striated, marked with fine pa- 

 rallel lines, as Oenanthejistulosa, t. 363. 



Sulcatus, furrowed, with deeper lines, as 

 Smyr nium Olu$atrum t t. 230. 



MaculatuS) spotted, as Hemlock, Conium 

 maculatuni) t. 1 191- 



The spines and prickles of the stem will be 

 explained hereafter. 



Internally the stem is either solidus, solid, 

 as that of Inula crithmoides, t. 68, and nume- 

 rous others I or cavus, hollow, as in Cineraria 

 palustrtS) t. 151, as well as Hemlock, and 

 many umbelliferous plants besides. 



Plants destitute of a stem are called acaules, 

 stemless, as Neottia a caul is, Exot. Bot. t. 105, 

 and Carduus acaulis 9 Engl. Bot. t. l6l. 

 Such plants, when they belong to a genus 

 or family generally furnished with stems, as 

 in these instances and Carlina acauliS) Camer* 

 Epit. 428, are liable from occasional luxu- 

 riance to acquire some degree of stem, but 

 seldom otherwise. Pinguicula, Engl. Bot. 

 t. 70 and 145, is a genus invariably stemless, 

 while Primula, t. 4, 5, 6 and 513, is much 



