APIACEyE OR UMBELLIFERJE. 



flatulent colic of children. The oil obtained from it enters as an adjuv- 

 ant or corrective into various officinal preparations, as the confection of 

 opium, of rue and of scammony, the compound tincture of cardamom 

 and of senna, &c. Pereira. 



80. Carum nigrum, called " zeera seeah," is imported from 

 Kunawur into India as a carminative. Royle. 



PIMPINELLA. 



Calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed 

 lobe. Fruit contracted from the side, crowned by a cushion- 

 like disk, and reflexed somewhat capitate styles. Half-fruits 

 with 5 filiform equal ridges, the lateral of which are on the edge. 

 Channels with many vittae. — Radical leaves pinnated with 

 roundish toothed segments, very seldom undivided ; those of the 

 stem more finely cut. Involucres none. Flowers white, seldom 

 pink or yellow. 



81. P. Saxifraga Linn. sp. 378. DC. prodr. iv. 120. Eng. 

 Dot. t. 407. Nees and Eberm.pl. med. t. 273. handb. iii. 1 6. Smith 

 Eng. El. ii. 89. — Dry gravelly and chalky pastures, and rocky 

 ground all over Europe, and the Crimea ; also in Persia. (Bur- 

 net Saxifrage.) 



Root tough and woody, highly aromatic and pungent, not unpleasant. 

 Stems from 1 to 2 feet high, solid, round, striated, very slightly downy, 

 branched. Radical leaves stalked, oblong, pinnate ; leaflets, of the 

 lowermost especially, ovate, veiny, deeply serrated and cut ; of the 

 upper ones almost entirely wanting, the leaf being represented by a 

 membranous convolute sheath. Umbels of many general and partial 

 smooth rays, drooping when young, either altogether naked, or with one 

 solitary bract to each. Flowers white as well as the seeds. Tumid 

 bases of the styles reddish. Fruit chesnut brown, scarcely more than 

 a line long, narrow, shining, a little tapered to the neck ; the ridges 

 sharp, not much paler than the channels. — Root astringent ; used as a 

 masticatory to release toothach, and in decoction to remove freckles. 

 Burnett. 



82. P. dissecta Retz. obs. iii. t. 2. Nees and Eberm. pi. med. 

 t. 274. handb. iii. 17. — P. pratensis Thuill. P. laciniata Thore. 

 P. magna var. e. DC. — Woods of Europe. 



Segments of the upper leaves bipinnatifid, with lanceolate-linear lobes 

 very like the next species. — Effects as in P. Saxifraga. 



83. P. magna Linn.mant. 217. Eng. Bot.t. 408. Nees and 

 Eberm. handb. iii. 18. — Pastures, meadows, and mountainous 

 woods all over Europe, and the Levant. 



Radical leaves pinnated, with toothed or cut segments having an 

 ovate or oblong outline. — Similar in effect to P. Saxifraga. 



84. P. Anisum Linn. sp. 399. DC. prodr. iv. 122. Nees and 

 Eberm.pl. med. t. 275. handb. iii. 18. S. andC. iii. 1. 156. Woodv. 

 t. 180 Anisum officinale Mcench. meth. 100. Sison Anisum 



