PINACEiE,, or conifers. 



1172. P. Pinaster Ait. Kew. ed. 1. iii. 367. Lamb. pin. 

 tt. 4 and 5. Loud. Arb. et Frut. 2213. — P. maritima DC. 

 fl. franc. — Southern parts of Europe ; especially the sandy 

 wastes north of the Mediterranean. (Pinaster, Cluster Pine.) 



A much larger plant than the Scotch Fir, forming first a spreading 

 handsome dark green bush, and afterwards a fine tree. Leaves stout, 

 in pairs, fully 4 inches long. Male flowers in a thyrsoid panicle, of a 

 bright yellow, terminating the branches. Crest of the anthers rounded, 

 orbicular, crenated. Female flowers with rich crimson scales. Cones 

 large, woody, whorled, pendulous, ovate, sessile, bright brown ; each 

 scale tipped with a short, broad, bluntish spine. — Bordeaux turpentine, 

 which has the property of solidifying with magnesia, is procured from 

 this plant. 



1173. P. Cembra Linn, sp.pl. 1419 is said to yield Carpa- 

 thian Balsam. 



ABIES. 



In all characters the same as Pinus, except that the scales of 

 the cones are thinned away to the edge, and usually membra- 

 nous or coriaceous, and that the leaves are never fascicled. 



1174. A. Picea Lindl. in penny, cycl. — A. pectinata HC.fi. 

 fr. ii. 275. Pinus Picea Linn. sp. pi. 1420. Lamb. pin. t. 30. 



Woodv. t. 209. Picea pectinata Loud. arb. et frut. 2329. — 

 Mountains of Siberia, Germany, and Switzerland. (Silver Fir.) 



Branches horizontal. Leaves copious, linear, either acute or emar- 

 ginate, entire, spreading more or less perfectly in 2 ranks, and some- 

 times curved towards one side ; their upper surface of a dark shining, 

 rather glaucous, green ; the under glaucous-white. Male flowers nume- 

 rous, axillary, solitary, about as long as the leaves, yellow ; their 

 axis the length of the toothed involucre ; anthers remarkable for their 

 rounded 2-lobed crest, crowned with a pair of divaricated horns. Fe- 

 male catkins lateral, erect, cylindrical, green ; bracts much narrower 

 than the carpellary scales, distinguished by a long, projecting, awl- 

 shaped point, very conspicuous in the full-grown cones, which are also 

 erect, 3 or 4 inches long, cylindrical, of a reddish-green, till they turn 

 brown in drying. Smith. — Strasburgh Turpentine is obtained from this. 



1175. A. balsamea Marsh, arb. amer. 102. — A. balsamifera 

 Michx. arb. forest, iii. 191. Pinus balsamea Linn, sp pi. 1421. 

 Lamb. pin. t. 41. Picea balsamea Loud. arb. etfrut. 2339. — 

 Northern parts of North America. (Balm of Gilead Fir.) 



A handsome small tree resembling the preceding from which it 

 differs in having the bracts short-pointed, the crest of the anthers 

 pointless, and the cones themselves more acute at each end. The tree 

 itself is never above 20 or 30 feet high. — The oleo-resin called Canada 

 balsam is furnished by this species. 



1176. A. Larix Lam. illustr. t. 785. f. 2. — Pinus Larix 

 Linn, sp.pl. 1420. Lamb. pin. t. 35. Woodv. t. 210. Larix 

 europaea DC. fi. fr. No. 2064. Loud. arb. et frut. 2350.— 



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