LICHENACEiE. 



Shields orbicular, peltate, beneath formed of the thallus ; the 

 disk coloured and surrounded by the elevated inflexed border, 

 formed also of the thallus. 



1337. B. furfuracea Ach. syn. 222. Hooker B. F. ii. 223. — 

 Lichen furfuraceus E. B. t. 984s — Trunks and branches of 

 old trees, especially when decaying, and old pales. 



Thallus spreading, ascending, greyish-green, farinaceous, the segments 

 linear, attenuated, much divided and forked, the margin recurved, 

 deeply grooved, rugged and almost black beneath. Shields scattered, 

 very concave, inflated, red-brown with a thin reflexed border. — Re- 

 puted to be an astringent and febrifuge. 



EVERNIA. 



Thallus subcrustaceous, branched and laciniated, angled or 

 compressed, cottony within (" intus stuppeus"). Shields orbi- 

 cular, scutelliform, sessile ; the disk concave, coloured, with an 

 inflexed border formed of the thallus. 



1338. E. Prunastri Ach. syn. 245. Hooker B. F. ii. 224. — 

 Lichen Prunastri E. Bot. t. 859. — Trunks and branches of 

 trees, common. 



Thallus erect, greenish-white, much branched, pitted and rugged, 

 flat; the segments linear, attenuate, somewhat grooved and paler 

 beneath. Shields bright-brown, concave, elevated, with an inflexed 

 border. — Recommended in pulmonary affections ; also, as an astrin- 

 gent and febrifuge. It has a peculiar power of imbibing and retaining 

 odours, and is in some request as an ingredient in sweet pots and ladies' 

 sachets. 



USNEA. 



Thallus subcrustaceous, rounded, branched, generally pendu- 

 lous, with a central thread. Shields (orbillae), orbicular, terminal, 

 peltate, entirely formed of the substance of the thallus and nearly 

 of the same colour, the circumference mostly without a border 

 and (generally) ciliated. 



1339. U. plicata Ach. synops. 305. Hooker B. F. ii. 226. — 

 Lichen plicatus E. B. t. 237. — Common on old trees and park 

 pales. 



Thallus pendulous, smooth, pale, branches lax, much divided, sub- 

 fibrillose, the ultimate ones capillaceous. Shields plane, broad, ciliated, 

 the cilia? slender and very long. — Mentioned as a remedy for hocping- 

 cough. 



CLADONIA. 



Thallus somewhat shrubby, branched, rarely simple, leafy 

 with scales, which are often evanescent, branches cartilaginous, 

 rigid, fistulose, all attenuated and subulate, divided, fertile, gene- 

 rally perforated in the axils. Shields (cephalodia) sessile, 

 orbicular, convex, capituliform, not bordered, fixed by the cir- 



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