THECUBAREVIEW 31 



been planted to rice for several years, but it was found utterly imfKxssible to retain a supply of 

 water over the riee within the bounds of the earthen dykes, notwithstanding the fact that this 

 class of soil in which yellow (;lay ])redoniinates is usually very retentive. A chemical analysis 

 showed the soil to ccnitain over 5' '( calcium which had caused a flocculation of the clay particles 

 and thus made the soil so porous that the water filtered through. 



Where the soils are too light, applications of lime often have the effect of cementing the 

 particles together and making them more retentive. This treatment is especially important 

 with such lands when subjected to an extensive dry season. 



The form in which the calcium shoidd appear, the amount of lime to ai)i)ly, and the time 

 to apply the lime, are im])ortant questions to sugar i)lanters. 



It has been explained that the calcium may be ai)plied to cane lands in any one of three 

 fomis, namely, the oxide, hydroxide, or the carbonate with equally as satisfactory results, pro- 

 vided that not too much of the two first-named fonns is a})])lied at a time and that sufficient 

 time is given the last form to act. The oxide and hydroxide forms give the quickest results and 

 at least a limited amount of one of these should therefore be employed on extremely acid soils 

 if prompt results are desired. These, or at least the oxide, present the disadvantage of destroy- 

 ing the organic mattei and causing a loss of plant-food material when used in too large quantities. 

 On account of the trouble encountered in handling lime in the oxide form, the hydro.xide or 

 slaked form is usually preferred. This Is prepared by pouring water over the newly burned 

 lime which causes it to swell up and crumble into a fine i)owder. The carbonate is, however, 

 the safest form to a])ply, but again it presents the disadvantage of being slow in its action. The 

 writer has obtained the best results on cane lands here in the Philippines by making light aj)- 

 plications of the oxide or hydroxide form, which is thoroughly incorj^orated in the soil, and fol- 

 lowing this by a second and heavier application, using the carbonate form. A sufficient amount 

 of oxide should be added to neutralize the excess of acid and this usually consists of at least 

 200 or 300 kilos per hectare, depending upon the amount of acids in the soil. The carbonate 

 should consist of 2 tons or more per hectare if it Is desired to improve the mechanical condition 

 of the soil as well. It is more profitable to make heavy applications and not to apply the Hme 

 so often rather than to make nimierous Ught ajjplications. 



The best time to apply the lime is after the land has been plowed and before it is 

 harrowed. Where disks are used in preparing the soil there is a very good opportunity of 

 mixing the lime with the soil. 



Waste Prodtids as Fertilizers. 



The waste products from the limekiln, if properly prepared, make suitable material for 

 sweetening and otherwise improving the condition of soils. When the rock in the original or 

 carbonate form is employed it should be crushed into fine particles and spread evenly over the 

 fields. The same treatment should be given any discarded burnt lime from sweepings except, 

 that it is unnecessary to subject this to the crushing process. 



Where the carbonation process is used in the clarification of juices the setthngs from the- 

 subsiders and filterpresb cakes contain a great deal of the exhausted lime. This material makes 

 an excellent fertihzer, while at the same time it usually exerts sweetening power in the soil due 

 to lime which is present in the carbonate iorm.— The Philippine Agricultural Review. 



SUGAR FROM SHREDDED CANE "Resolved, That the option granted by the 



Our attention has been called to the article seUer to the buyer in paragraph 4 of the 



appearing on page 26 of the June issue of ne agreement as to Cuban Sugars, 191/-1918 



Ciiha Review entitled "Sugar from Shredded crop, to be exercised on or before the loth 



Cane." We are informed by the United Fruit day of July, 1918, as to 250,000 tons, be and 



Companv that thev are not undertaking any ^ hereby availed of by the buyer, and that 



operations on shredded cane this year. notice to such effect be at once formaUy 



given to the SeUer." 



INTERNATIONAL SUGAR COMMITTEEE This notice is to advise the seller and all 



ANNOUNCEMENT parties to the said agreement that the Inter- 



At a special meeting of the International national Sugar Committee avails itself of 



Sugar Committee, held in New York on June the option to purchase a second additional 



26th, the foUowing resolution was unanimously 250,000 tons of sugar, as provided for in 



adopted: paragraph 4 of said agreement. 



