i;'8 



CHAPTER XVll. 



OF 1 HE SEVERAL KINDS OF FULCRA, OR APPENDAGES TO 



A PLANT. 



The word Fulcrum^ whose proper meaning is a prop 

 or support, has been applied by Linnceus not only to 

 those organs of vegetables correctly so denominated, 

 such as tendrils, but also to various other appendages 

 to the herbage of a plant, none of which are universal, or 

 esscntial,nor is there any one plant furnished with them all. 

 I prefer the English term Appendages for these organs in 

 general, to Props^ because the latter applies only to one 

 of them. Seven kinds of these are distinguished by 

 Linuccus, nor do I find it necessary to enlarge that num- 

 ber. 



1. Stipula. The Stipula, a leafy appendage to the 

 proper leaves or to their footstalks. It is commonly 

 situated at the base of the latter, in pairs, and is ex- 

 tremely different in shape in different plants. 



The most natural and usual situation of the Stipu- 

 las is in pairs, one stipula on each side of the base of 

 the footstalk, as in Lathijriis latifolius, Engl. Bot. t. 

 1108, whose stipulas are half arrow-shaped, y^ 115 ; 

 also in Willows, as Salix stipularis, t. 1214, and S. 

 aiirita, t. 1487. In Bosa PotentiUa, and many gene- 

 ra allied to them, the stipulas are united laterally to 

 the footstalk, / 116. See Potent'illa alha, t. 1384. 

 In all these cases they are extrafoliacece^ external with 

 respect to the leaf or footstalk ; in others they are in- 



