mB CRYPIOGAMIA. 



not be too much admired. Their species are nume= 

 rous, and in some cases difficult to determine, partic- 

 ularly in the genera Tortula and Orthotrichum ; nor 

 is the generic character of the latter so easy or certain 

 as most others. Schreber, Dickson, Swartz, Bridel, 

 Weber, Mohr and Turner are great names in this 

 department of Botany, besides those of v/hom we 

 have already spoken. 



3, HepaticiV. Liverworts. Of these the herbage is 

 commonly frondose, the fructification originating from 

 what is at the same time both leaf and stem. This 

 character, however, proves less absolute than one 

 founded on their capsules, which differ essentially 

 from those of the preceding Order in having nothing 

 like a lid or operculum. The corolla or veil of some 

 of the genera is like that of Mosses, but usually bursts 

 at the top. The barren flowers are unlike the organ- 

 ized stamens of the last- mentioned plants, being 

 either undefined powdery heads, as in Jimgermarmia^ 

 see Hedvvig's Theoria^ t. 15, or of some peculiar con- 

 formation, as in Marchantia^ Efigl. Bat. t, 210, when- 

 they are imbedded in a disk like the seeds of Lichens, 

 in a manner so contrary to all analogy, that botanists 

 can scarcely agree which are the barren and which 

 the fertile flowers of this genus. The four-valved 

 capsule of Jungermamiia, with the veil bursting at 

 its summit to let the fruit-stalk pass, may be seen in 

 Engl. Bot. t. 185, 186, which are both frondose spe- 

 cies, like /. epiphylla^ t. 771, whose calyx as well as 

 corolla are evident ; and t. 605 — 608, which have 



