THE DIFFUSION OF VEGETATION. 15 



nitely, but no one of the fragments, alone, will still be a complete 

 plant. 



11. Animals, like plants, are organized bodies, endowed with 

 vitality, and composed of distinct parts, no one of wliich is com- 

 plete in itself; but they are raised above either plants or min- 

 erals.jby the po^ver of perception.^ 



a. These distinctions, long since suggested by the immortal Linnaeus, are per- 

 fectly obvious and definite, in the higher grades of the animal and vegetable 

 kingdoms ; but, in descending the scale, we recognize a gradual and constant 

 approach, in both, to inorganic matter, and consequently to each other; so that, 

 in the lowest foi-ms of life, all traces of organization disappear, and the three great 

 kingdoms of natui-e, like tliree converging radii, meet, andjblend in a common 

 centre. 



12. Vegetation, in some of its fomis, appears to be coexten 

 sive with the surface of the earth. It springs up, not only from 

 the sunny soil, moistened with rain and dew, but even from the 

 naked rock, amidst the arid sands of the desei:t, in thermal and 

 sulphurous springs, in arctic and alpine snows, and from the beds 

 of seas and oceans. 



a. Among the multitude of natural causes which affect the growth of vegeta- 

 tion, the action of the sun, through th^light and heat Which it imparts, is the most 

 efficient. This is most powerful ^t the equator, and gradually diminishes in in- 

 tensity, as we proceed from thence towards either pole^# Vegetation, therefore, 

 arrives at its highest degree of luxuriance lat the equator, and witliin the tropics..- 

 In the temperate zones(it is less remarkable for the beauty and variety of its 

 flowers, and the deliciousness of itsfmits, than in the torrid j, yet it is believed to 

 be no less adapted to promote the arts of civilized life, and the well-being of man 

 in general. In still higher latitudes, plants become few, and of stinted growth, 

 untU finally, within the arctic circles, they apparently, but not absolutely, cease 

 to vegetate. 



b. Since climate is affected by elevation above the level of the sea, in the same 

 manner aS by increase of latitude, we find a similar diminution of vegetable 

 acti\ity, in ascending high motintains. \Thus, the peak of Teneriffe, situated on 

 a fertile island, within the tropics, is elothed, at different elevations, with plants 

 peculiar to every latitude, in succession, from the ton-id to the frigid zones, 

 while the summit, being always covered vAt\i snow, is as barren as the region of 

 the poles. So also the White Mountains, in New Hampshire, exhibit upon their 

 Bummits a vegetation similar to that of Labrador, or even Greenland. 



c. One of the first requisites for the growth of plants,is a soil, from which, by 

 means of roots, they may derive their proper nutriment and support. V But numer- 

 ous species of lichens and mosses find their most congenial habitations upon the 

 bare rock. The coral island no sooner arises to the surface, than it aiTCSts the 



9* ■ 



