-i4 XLVlll. ROSACEiE. Pyrds. 



small. — Hedges, etc., sparing!}' naturalized. Shrub very branching, 8 — 18f 

 high. Thorns slender, very sharp, axillary, i' long. Leaves Ik — 2' long, nearly 

 as wide, lower ones deeply lobed; petioles J — 1' long, with 2 leafy stipules at 

 base. Flowers white. Fruit 2-— 3" diam., purple. — Used for hedges (exten- 

 sively in Europe). There are several varieties. § :j: 



G. C. PARviFLORA. Ait. (C. tomenlosa. Mkhx. Mespiluslaciniata. Walt.) 



TJuyrns slender; Ivs. coriaceous, pubescent, cuneate-obovate, subsessile, in- 

 cisely serrate ; /s. subsolitary; cal. with the pedicels z.vA branchkts viWows-Xo- 

 mentose; sep. laciniate, foliaceous; dij. 5; fr. large, roundish-obovoid, with 5 

 bony, 1-seeded nuts. — Sandy woods, N. J. and Southern States. A much 

 branched shrub, 4 — 7f high. Leaves 1 — 2' by ^ — f ', the upper surface shining 

 and nearly glabi'ous when old. Fruit greenish-yellow, near J' diam., and eata- 

 ble when ripe. Apr. May. 



7. C. coRDATA. Ait. (C. populifolia. Walt.) Washington Thorn. 



Thorn glabrous and glandless ; Ivs. cordate-ovate, somewhat deltoid, acu- 

 minate, incjsely lobed and serrate, with long and slender petioles; sep. short; 

 Si!?/. 5; fr. small, globose-depressed. — Banks of streams, Va. to Ga., cultivated 

 ill the Middle States for hedge-rows. Shrub 15 — 20f high, the branches with 

 very sharp and slender thorns 2 — 3' long. Leaves often deeply 3 — 5-lobed, about 

 2' by 1|'. Pomes I'diam., numerous, red. Jn. ^:j: 



7. PYRUS. 



CeXiic peren ; Anglo-Saxon pe''^-> Yr. poire: 'La.t.pyrvs; Eng. pear. 



Calyx urceolate, limb 5-cleft; petals 5, roundish ; styles 5 (2 or S), 

 often united at base ; pome closed, 2 — 5-carpeled, fleshy or baccate ; 

 carpels cartilaginous, 2-seeded. — IVees or shrubs. Lvs. simjilc or jJi'i- 

 nale. Fls. white or rose-colored, i7i cymose corymbs. 



§ Leaves siviple. Cyme simple. Styles united at base. 



1. P. CORONARIA. (Malus. Mill.) Crab Apple. Siocet-scenied Cral>-frce. 

 Lrs. broad-ovate, rounded at base, incisely serrate, often sublobate, smoolh- 



ish, on very slender petioles ; pet. unguiculate ; sty. united and wooly at the 

 base: fr. as well as the_/Z5. very fragrant, corymbose. — Borders of woods, Mid. 

 West.and South. States. A small tree, 10 — 20f high, with spreading branches. 

 Leaves 2 — 3' long, § as wide, resembli!lg those of Crataegus coccinea ; petioles 

 i — V long. Flowers very large, rose-cblolfed, in loose corymbs of 5 — 10. Fruit 

 as large (1 — IJ' diam.) as a small apple, yellowish, hard and sour, but esteem- 

 ed for preserves. May. :}: • ' 



2. P. ANcusTiFoi.iA. Ait. (Malus. Michx.) 



Glabrous; lis. lance-oblong, acute at base, slightly dentate-serrate, shin- 

 ing above; sty. distinct; fr. small. — Penn. and S. States. A tree 15 — 20f high, 

 resembling the last, but with smaller leaves and Iruit. Apr. May. 

 ^4^. P. Malus, Common Ap2>le Tre. — Leaves ovate, or oblong-ovate, serrate, 

 acute or short-acuminate, pubescent above, tomentose beneath, petio'atc; co- 

 rymbs subumbellatc : pci/iccls v.nd cw/y.rvillose-tomentose; pet. with short claws- 

 sii/. 5, united and viliose at base ; pome globose. — Native in Europe and almo.'^t 

 naturalized here. Tree 20 — ^25f high (in thickets 25 — 40). Branches rigid, 

 crooked, spreading. Bark rough and blackish. Leaves 2 — 3' long, f as Mide, 

 petioles i — 1' long. Flowers expanding vv'ith the leaves, fragrant, large, clothing 

 the tree in their light roseate hue, making ample amends for its roughness and de- 

 foimit)^ — The Romans had 22 varieties (Pliny) but the number is now greatly 

 increased. Probably nearly 1000 varieties are cultivated in the U. S.^ 



4. P. COMMUNIS. Pear Tree. — Leaves, ovate -lanceolate, subserrate, glabrous? 

 above, pubescent beneath, acute or acuminate; corymbs racemose; cal. and pe- 

 dicels pubescent; siy. 5, distinct and viliose at base; pome pyriform. — Tree 

 usually taller than the apple, 20 — S5f high. Bark rough, blackish. Branches 

 ascending. Leaves 2 — 3i' long, § as wide ; petioles 1 — 2' long. Flowers white, 

 small. — Native in Europe, where, in its wild state, the fruit is small and im- 

 palatable. The Romans cultivated 3G varieties {Pliny), but, like the apple, 

 varieties without end ars nov/ raised from the seed of thi.s delicious fruit. J: 



