Helianthus. LXXV. COMPOSITE. 339 



tire, 9 ; disk flowers $ ; receptacle cliafiy, conical ; pappus of tLo 

 disk of 2 erect awns. — ® Native at tJie Scmth, ^-c- Lvs. opposite^ entire. 



1. Z. ELEGANs. — Hds. on long peduncles ; lvs. cordate, ovate, sessile-amplexi- 

 caul; 5<. hairy; cAaJ?' serrated.- -Native of Mexico. Jl. Aug. — Several varie- 

 ties are known in cultivation; viz. a. violacea, witli viglet-colored flowers; 

 /S. alba, flowers white ; y. purpurascens, flowers purple ; i. coccinca, flowers of a 

 brilliant scarlet, f 



2. Z. MULTiFLORA. — Hds. ou long peduncles; lvs. ovate-lanceolate, on short 

 petioles. — Native of the Southern States. — Z. pauciflorum, with bright yellow 

 flowers, is also found in cultivation, t 



34. HELIANTHUS. 



Gr. r/Xioj, the Bun, av^oi, flower; from the resemblance of the flowers. 



Heads many-flowered ; ray-fls. neutral, disk $ ; scales of the invol- 

 ucre imbricated in several series ; receptacle flat or convex, the chaflF 

 persistent, embracing the achenia ; pappus of 2 chaiFy awns, decidu- 

 ous ; achenia compressed or 4-sided, not margined. — Herbs mostly %., 

 rough. Lvs. opposite., the upper often alternate., mostly tripli-veined. 

 Rays yellow, disk yellow or purple. 



^ Disk dark pvrple. 

 1. H. ANNUus. Common Sunflov:er. — Ijvs. all cordate, 3- veined, only the 

 lowest opposite; ped. thick; Jls. nodding. — This well-known annual is from S. 

 America. It grows in any soil, but its magnitude is increa.sed by the fertility 

 of it in direct proportion, until it reaches the height of 10 and even 20 feet. The 

 common height may be stated at 7 feet. The enormous size of the flowers with 

 their broad rays of brilliant yellow are too well known to require description. An 

 edible oil has been expressed from the seeds. Jl. — A splendid variety occurs 

 •with the flowers all radiate. 



2. H. ANGUSTiFOLius. Narroic-Uaved Sunjloivcr. 



Erect, slender, glabrous or hispidly hirsute ; lvs. sessile, linear, tapering 

 to a long point, 1-veined, rigid, opposite, the upper often alternate, margin sub- 

 denticulate, often revolute; hds. pedunculate, few; scales lance-linear, the long 

 point spreading ; chaff linear, 3-toothed. — Sandy or rocky places, N. J. ! Ky. 

 and Southern States, common. Stem 2 — 3f high, subsimple. Leaves 2 — 5' by 

 3 — 6", broadest at the abrupt base. Rays 12 — 18, expanding about 2'. Disk 

 flowers brown at the summit. 



3. H. RiGiDus. Desf (H. scaberrimus. Ell. H. crassifolius. Nutt.) Stiff- 

 leaved Suvfluwer. — SI. erect, rigid, simple or with few branches, scabrous 



or smoothish, nearly naked above ; lvs. lanceolate, tapering to each end, petio- 

 late, mostly opposite, tripli-veined, serrulate or entire, rigid, scabrous both 

 sides; hds. few; scales ovate, acute, regularly imbricate, shorter than the disk; 

 cAfflJ" obtusish ; pappus 2 squamse. — Prairies, &c., Wis. Lapham, to Mo., La., &c. 

 Plant 2 — 4f high. Leaves 3 — G' by J — 1', very rough with papillose hairs, but 

 less so than in H. divaricatus. Rays 12— 20, expanding 2 — 3', light yellow. 



^ § Disk yellow. * Leaves opposite. 



4. H. L^ETtFLORus. Pcrs. Splendid Sunjlower. 



St. rough and branched above ; lvs. oval-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, 

 tripli-veined, very rough on both sides, on short petioles, upper ones often alter- 

 nate; 5caZes ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, appre.ssed, a little shorter than the disk; 

 cA«_^ entire or 3-toothed; rai/s 12—20. — Barrens, &c., la. Ohio. To/r. <f- Graij. 

 A rough, but showy plant, 3 — if high. Leaves thick, 5 — 8' by IJ — 2i'. Rays 

 nearly 2' in length. Disk yellow. Aug. — Oct. f 



5. H. occiDENTALis. Riddcll. JVeslern Sinijlovx'r. 



SI. slender, simple, nearly naked above; lvs. opposite, oval, scabrous, ob- 

 scurely serrate, contracted at base into long, hairy petioles, upper ones small 

 and few, entire; hds. pedunculate; srnles lance-oval, appressed. — Sand prairies, 

 29* 



