348 LXXV. COMPOSITE. Cacalia. 



Peduncles more or less thickened upwards. Scales linear, acute, purplish at 

 apex. Rays 4 — 5" long, spreading. May — Aug. 



0. Balsaviita. (S. Balsamitae. Muhl.) S/n villous at base ; Ivs. few, small 

 and distant, pubescent, radical ones oblong-lanceolate ; ped. villous at base. 

 Rocky hills and pastures. 



y. gracilis. (S. gracilis. Ph.) Radical lis. orbicular, on long petioles, caii- 

 line lew, linear-oblong, incisely dentate ; pcd. short, pilose, with small, few- 

 rayed heads. — A slender state of the species, on rocky shores. 



S. obovatus. (S. obovatus. WUhi.) Radical Ivs. dboYa.ie; ped. elongated. — 

 Meadows, &c. 



s. lanceolat'us. Oakes. Radical Irs. lanceolate, acute, cauline lanceolate, pin- 

 natifid at base. — Shady swamps, Vt. Rohhlns. 



3. S. psEUDO-ELEGANs. DC. (S. clegans. Linn.) Purple Jacohaa. — -L/vs. 

 equal, pinnatifid, pilose-viscid, spreading ; ped. somewhat scaly ; invol. calyc- 

 ulate with leafy scales; scales mostly withered at the tips. — Native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. A beaut it ul plant in cultivation. Flowers of the disk yellow, 

 of the rays of a most brilliant purple. A variety has double flowers, with colors 

 equally brilliant. Another variety has white flowers. Jn. — Aug. f 



Section 3. Heads discoicl. 



50. H Y M E N O P A P P U S. L'Her. 



Gr. ■i^ci', a membrane, iraTTTOj, pappus; from the character. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all ?, tubular; scales 6 — 12, in 2 

 series, oval, obtuse, membranaceous, colored ; receptacle small, naked ; 

 anthers exserted ; achenia broad at the summit, attenuate to the 

 base ; pappus of many short, obtuse, membranaceous scales in one se* 

 ries. — d) or % North American., villosc herbs. St. grooved and angled. 

 Lvs. alternate., pinnately divided. 



H. scABiosjEu.s. L'Her. 



Hoary-villose, or nearly glabrous ; lvs. pinnately or bipinnately parted, 

 segments linear or oblong, entire or sparingly toothed ; hds. collected in simple 

 corymbs; scales of t/ie invol. ohovate, 1 — 11, white, greenish at base, undulate 

 on the margin, longer than the disk; cor. deeply lobed; «cA. pubescent. — 111. 

 Mead! and Southern States. Stem 1 — 2f high, whitish with soft cotton when 

 young, at length purplish and glabrous. Segments 1 — \h' by 1 — 2", rather 

 acute. Heads whitish, about 2l-flowered. (Apr. May. T. <f G- Aug. Mead.) 



51. CACALIA. 



An ancient Gr. name of an uncertain plant. 



Flowers all ? ; involucre cyliudric, oblong, often calyculate with 

 small scales at the base ; receptacle not chafiy ; pappus capillary, 

 scabrous. — Mostly %. Smooth. Lvs. alternate. Hds. ofjls. corymhed. 

 mostly cyanic. 



1. C. suAVEOLENs. Wild CarawoAj. 



Glabrous; st. striate-angular; lvs. petioiate, hastate-sagittate, serrate, 

 smooth, green on both sides ;yZs. corymbed, erect; mroZ. many-flowered. — "Zj. 

 Western N. Y. to Conn., Rnbbinsl to Ga. ! and 111. Stems 4 — 5f high, striate, 

 leafy. Radical leaves on long stalks, pointed ; cauline ones on winged stalks. 

 Flowers whitish, in a terminal, compound corymb. Scales and peduncles 

 smooth, with setaceous bracts beneath the involucre, and beneath the divisions 

 of the peduncles. Aug. — Resembles a Nabalus. 



2. C. ATRiPLiciroLiA. Orache-lcaved Caraway. 



St. herbaceous ; lvs. petioiate, smooth, glaucous beneath, radical ones cor- 

 date, dentate, cauline ones rhomboid, sub-bidentate on each side ; fis. corymbed, 

 erect; invol. 5-flowered. — N. Y. to Ga. and 111.! Stem 3 — 5f high, round, 

 lealy, subramose. Leaves alternate, the lower ones as large as the hand, with 

 large, unequal teeth. Heads of flowers small, ovoid-cylindric, whitish, loosely 

 corymbose at the tops of the branches. Jl. — Sept. 



