490 CXXIIl. JUGLANDaT^EtE. Juglans, 



each end, nearly smooth, with a revolute margin. — A small, prostrate, alpine 

 shrub, found on the granite rocks of the White Mts. of N. H., and the calcare- 

 ous mountains of Vt. The stem is 1 to 3 or 4f long, much branched and 

 closely covered all around with evergreen leaves, which are i — 5' long and a 

 line wide. Flowers very small, reddish, crowded in the axils of the upper 

 leaves. Berries black, not ill-flavored. May, Jn. 



2.* O A K E S 1 A. Tuckerman. 



Dedicated to AVilliam Cakes, Esq., of Ipswich, Mass., to whom N. En?, botany is greatly indebted. 



Flowers cP ? 9. — S" Stamens 3, enclosed in 3 — 6 membranaceous, 

 sepaloid scales ; fil. filiform, exserted, distinct ; anth. 2-lobed, open- 

 ing by lateral clefts. 9 or $ Calyx of 3 equal, membranaceous 

 scales in the axis of a larger, ovate, ciliate scale ; stam. 3 or ; sty. _ 

 trifid; ova. 3-celled ; drupe 3-seeded. 



0. CoNRADi. (Empetrum. Torr. Tuckermania. Klofzck.) Plyraouth 

 Crov:berry. — A loAv, bushy, tufted shrub, about If high, in Plymouth, Mass., 



Emerson, pine barrens, N. J', Torreij, N. Y., Vascy. Stems slender, with a 

 reddish-ash-colored bark, with short, verticillate branches. Leaves evergreen, 

 numerous, spiral or imperfectly verticillate, J' long, linear, revolute. Flowers 

 in terminal clusters of 10 — 15, with brownish scales and purple stamens and 

 styles. — Plants with ^ are less common than those with J* or 9 . March, Apr. 



Order CXXIII. JUGLANDACE^.— Walnuts. 



Trees, with alternate and unequally pinnate leaves and no stipulej!. 



F/s. green, inconspicuous, monnjcious. StP-rile\n amenL':. Coro"a 0. 



Cal. membranaceous, oblique, irregular. Sta. indefinite (3 — 36). 



Fertile in small clusters. Corolla o or sometimes present and 3— 5-petaled. 



Ca?.— Tube adherent, limb 3— Sparted. [dilated. 



Oi'a. l-celled (partially 2— 4-celied). Oi'M/e solitary, erect. S/t/te 0—2, very short. S^ig-. 1—2, much 



Fr. drupaceous, 1-celled, with 2—4 imperfect partitions ; endocarp bony. 



Sd. 2— 4-lobed, without albumen, oily. 



Genera 4, species 27, mostly North American. 



PropertiK.— The well known fruit of the Ivtternut, walnut, peecan-nut, §'C., is sweet and whole- 

 Bome, abounding in a rich, drying oil. The epicarp, and even the integument of the kernel, are very 

 astringent. The timber is highly valuable. 



Genera. 



t4-cleft. Leaves 15— 21 foliate Juglans. \ 



Corolla of the fertile flowers < none. Leaves 5— 9-foliate. Carya. 2 



1. JUGLANS. 



Lat. Jovis glan3 ; i. e. the nut of Jove ; a name given it by way of eminence. 



c? in an imbricated, simple anient ; calyx scale 5 — 6-parted, some- 

 wbat bracteate at base ; stamens about 20. 9 Calyx 4-cleft, superior; 

 corolla 4-parted ; stigmas 2 ; fruit di-upaceous, epicarp spongy, inde- 

 hiscent, endocarp rugose and irregulaidy furrowed. — Trees of large 

 size, with aller7iate, unequally pinnate leaves. Leaflets numerous. 

 Sterile amenls axillary. Fertile Jloicers terminal. 



1. J. ciNEREA. (J. cathartica. Michx.') BiiUcrmd. V,lute Walnut. 



Lfls. numerous (15 — 17), lanceolate, serrate, rounded at the base, soft- 

 pubescent beneath ; petioles villous ; fr. oblong-ovate, Avith a terminal, obtuse 

 point, viscid, hairy ; nucleus oblong, acuminate, deeply and irregularly furrow- 

 ed. — The butternut is found throughout the N. England, Middle and Western 

 States, and Canada, growing on elevated river-banks and on cold, uneven, 

 rocky soils. It is 40 — 50f high, with a large, but short trunk. The branches 

 are horizontal, and unu.sually wide-spreading, forming a very large head. 

 Leaves 12 — 2^ long, consisting of 7 or 8 pairs of leaflets, with an odd one. 

 Barren flowers in long aments ; fertile in short spikes. _ The kernel is oily, 

 pleasant-flavored, and well-known in N. England. The wood is of a reddish 

 Iiue, light, and is considerably used in panneling and ornamental work. Frora 

 the bark is extracted an excellent cathartic. April, May. 



