TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. 93 



gid, mostly longer than the flowers. Pappus 

 cup-shaped. 



Herbaceous, prickly or asperate; leaves of the stem 

 often connate at the base; capitulum terminal. 



Species, 1. B. sylvestris. Introduced; now becoming 

 naturalized. 



A genus indigenous to the South of Europe. The D. 

 fullonum with hooked chaff is used in dressing woollen 

 cloth. 



131. GALIUM. L. (Bed-straw. Cleavers.) 

 Calix 4 tootlied. Corolla monopetalous, 4- 



clet't, flat. Seeds 2, nearly round. 



Smooth or asperate; flowers terminal, often corymbose- 

 ly paniculate, or axillary- Leaves verticillate. Flowers 

 rarely 3-clefi, with 3 stamens. 



Species- 1 G tnfidnm. 2. latifoluim. 3. vniforum. A. 

 tinctoriwn. 5. asprellum. 6. ApariiiC' 7. iiUg-inosum? 8. 

 brachiatum, Pursh. 9. triflomm. 10. hispiduhim. 11. Bei' 

 iTiiicUan:::::. 13- pihsnm. 13- civcxzam. Xt. boreal'^. 15. 

 ciispidatum, Elliott, (with the segments ot the corolla caa- 

 date.) 



The principal part of this numerous genus, exists in 

 Europe, several are alpine, there are also species in Sibe- 

 ria, Barbary, and at the Cape of Good Hope; 7 in Peru, 

 and 1 at Montevideo; 1 in the forests of Arabia, described 

 by Forskall, and another around the ruins of Jerusalem; 

 in the isle of Crete there are 2 species with shrubby stems. 

 Several species of Galium, like the Madder {Rubia tine- 

 tonim) to v;hich they are nearly allied, afford scarlet or 

 orange dyes. Of these the G. tinctorium and G. boreale? 

 are made use of by the aborigines of North America, in 

 the same manner as the Peruvians did of the G. corymbo- 

 Sinn. (V. Flor. Peruv. i. p. 59.) 



132. RUBIA. L. (Madder.) 



Calix 4-toothed. Corolla campanulate, 4 or 5 

 cleft. Berries 2, roundish and smooth, single-^ 

 seeded. (^Stamina 4 or 5.) 



Habit similar to Galiwn. 



Species. 1. i?. Broivjiei. From Carolina to Florida. 



Of this genus, besides the above, there are 2 species 

 indigenous to the continent of Europe; 1 to Chili, 1 to 

 Madrass in India, 1 to Minorca, and 2 to Majorca, of 



