ABBREVIATIONS. 



Very few abbreviations or arbitrary characters are used in tliis work. The impressions- 

 made by them upon the mind of the learner, even wlien well understood, are believed to 

 be less vivid than those conveyed by a full and fair type. Abbreviated words, however, 

 will occasionally be found, but as they are only those of more Irequent usage and are sim- 

 ply shortened by the omission of the last letters or syllables, they will occasion little difficul- 

 ty to the learner. Some of iheni are as follows ; 



ace. accumbent. 

 ach. achenia. 

 CBStiv. aestivation. 

 (Uter. alternate. 

 ajnplex. amplexicaul, 

 ann. annual. 

 anth. anther. 

 Apr. April. 

 Aug. August. 

 axiil. axillary. 

 bien. biennial. 

 col. calyx. 

 cor. corolla. 

 Dec. December. 

 decid. deciduous. 

 dichot. dichotomous. 

 ell. elliptical. 

 einars- emarginate. 



fpig. epigynous. 



F(rb. February. 

 Jil. filament, 

 fl. flower. 

 Jls. flowers. 

 fr. fruit. 

 /(. foot. 



hrt. head. hdf. heads. 



hijp. hypogynous. 



ivibr. imbricate. 



inf. inferior. 



invol. involucre. 



irreg. irregular. 



Jan. January. 



Jti. June. 



Jl. July. 



leg. legume. 



Ivs. leaves. 



lorn, loment. 

 Mar. March. 

 Nov. November. 

 Oct. October. 

 opp. opposite. 

 ova. ovary. 

 ped. peduncle. 

 per perennial. 

 pet. petal. 

 perig. perig^'nous. 

 recept. receptacle. 

 reg. regular. 

 seg. segment. 

 Sept. September. 

 sta. stamens. 

 stig. stignja. 

 sds. seeds. 



It is aside from the design of a work purely elementary' like the present, to burden its 

 pages with long lists of synonyms and authorities. Of the former we have introduced 

 only such as have been in more general use among us, and are adopted in such works as 

 those of Torrey, Nultall, Beck, Bigelow, Eaton, &c. In regard to authorities lor specific 

 and generic names, we quote none except where .synonyms are introduced, or where we 

 are indebted to colemporary authors of our own country. These names are sometime* 

 quoted in full type ; others are abbreviated as follows ; 



Aitt Alton. Hook. Hooker. Pfts. Persoon. 



jB«>. Bigelow. Jus. Jussieu. Poir. Poiret. 



Br. Brown. L. Linnaeus. P. Pursh. 



Dr. DeCandolle. Lind. Lindley. Raf. Rafinesque. 



Darl. Darlington. Imtji. Lamark. Rich. Richard. 



Desf. Desfontaines. Lee. Le Come. Spr. Sprengel. 



Dew. Dewey. L' Her. L'Heretier. Sw. Swartz. 



Ell. Elliot. Manch. Mcenchauson. S^n. Smith. 



Ea. Eaton. MuJi. Muhlenberg. T. ^ G. Torrey and Gray. 



G-n. Gmelin. Mr. or M. Michaux. Tor. Torrey. 



Groii. Gronoviiis. N. or Nutt. Nuttall. W. Willdenow. &c. 



