46 



THE FLOWER. 



sometimes distinct, but generally cohere by their edges, to a 

 greater or less extent, forming a cup as in the rose, or a tube as 

 in the pink. The calyx is then said to be monoscpalous, a tenn 

 which must never be literally applied, since no true calyx can 

 consist of merely a single sepal ; when the sepals are not united 

 in any degree, the calyx is said to be polysepahus. 



97. K the calyx is free, that 

 is, distinct from the ovary, as 

 in the pink, it is said to be in- 

 ferior, while the ovary is supe- 

 rior ; but if the calyx be adhe- 

 rent to the sides of the ovary, 

 so as to appear to grow out of 

 its summit, as in the rose, it is 

 6 5 4 said to be 5w^mor. (Fig. 13; 



FIG. 13. — 3, Ovar)-, with adherent (superior), j 3 \ 

 persistent calyx ; 1, vertical section of the same, 



showing the epigynous (Gr. vpon the pistil) sta- 98. In rCSpeCt tO duration, 

 mens; 2, calyx free (inferior), stamens hjT,og3'- J^ J^ caduCOUS whcu it faUs off 

 nous (Gr. under the ptsttl); 4, stamens on the 



calyx, that is, perigynous(Gr. arowK/ r/i< piXtZ); as soon aS the fioWCr is CX- 

 5, stamens on the corolla (perigynous) ; 6, sta- ponded, Ex. poppy : dcciduOUS, 

 men with the connectile continued beyond the -^ . „ ,, t, 



anther. whcn it lalls Oil as the flower 



decays, Ex. water lUy; and persistent, when it remains upon 

 the germ after the corolla has fallen ; Ex. rose, apple. 



99. The calyx is sometimes reduced to a mere rim, and some- 

 times, when there is no corolla, the calyx is entii'ely wanting 

 (54). 



a. Again, the calyx is reduced to a whorl of mere hair-hke 

 processes, called pappus, or down. This kind of calyx is pecu- 

 liar to the Compositaj, as the Asters, sunflower, &;c., where the 

 flowers are collected in heads so compact that the calyx has no 

 room to develop itself in the usual manner. If the pappus con- 

 sists of simple hairs, it is said to be pilose ; if the hairs are 

 feathery, plumose; if they are stiff", like bristles, setose; if dilated, 

 so as to become chaff^y, paleaceoics. 



§6. OF THE COROLLA. 



100. Corolla is a Latin diminutive, signifying a chaplet or 



