CTPERACE^. 427 



H. Staminate spikes usually two or moke. 

 tlO. C. Schweki'tzii. Deic. 



Staminate spikes 2, rarely 1, upper long and slender, lower with a few 

 perigynia at the base; pistillate spikes 2— -A, oblong, cylindric, subapproxi- 

 mate, subrecurved, subloose-flowered, lowest often long-pedunculate; perig. 

 ovate-oblong, tapering above, rostrate, inflated, nerved, glabrous, bifurcate, 

 longer than the lanceolate, subulate, subsetaceous glume ; stem 6 — 12 inches 

 high, scabrous above, very leafy. Pale yellowish green. Wet sandy grounds. 

 Not abundant. 



111. C. RETRORSA. Schw. 



Staminate spikes about 3, rarely 1, often with a few perigynia at the base ; 

 pistillate spikes 4 — G, oblong cylindric, approximate, dense-tlowered, with long 

 and leafy bracts, the lowest often remote and long-pedunculate ; perig. ovate- 

 inflated, subglobose, rostrate, bifurcate, nerved, reflexed, twice longer than 

 the lanceolate glume ; stem 15 — 30 inches high, scabrous above, large, stiff 

 and leafy. Bright green. In clusters about pools of water, common. The 

 lower spikes sometimes have 1 or 2 smaller spikes attached to them. 



112. C. ARISTATA. R. Br. 



Pistillate spikes 2 — 4, cylindric, distant, close-flowered, erect; perig. ovate, 

 oblong, nerved, deeply bifid, very glabrous, long- rostrate, longer than the 

 oblong, awned glume ; leaves and sheaths villose on the under side; stem a 

 foot or more high. Bright green. Watertown, N. Y. Torr. ^~ Gray. Is 

 not this very closely related to the following species .' 



113. C. TRICHOCARPA. Mllh. 



Staminate spikes about 3, erect, rarely 1, or pistillate above, cylindric, Zouser 

 shorter; pistillate spikes 2 — 4, erect, long-cylindric, smoothish, rather loose- 

 flowered; perig. o\a.te, conic, inflated, nerved, rostrate, bifurcate, densely 

 pubescent, about twice longer than ovate-lanceolate glume ; stem, 15 — 30 

 inches high, scabrous above, and with pubescent leaves and sheaths. Light 

 green. In wet and marshy places. Common. 



/3. turhinata {Dew.) ; pistillate spikes ovate, or short-oblong, thick, remote, 

 dense-flowered; perig. subdiverging, ovate and conic, rostrate, longer than 

 the ovate-oblong, mucronate glume ; stem 2 — 3 feet high. Glaucous green. 

 In a pond in Beckman, N. Y., there abundant. 



114. C. LONGiROSTRis. Torv. 



Staminate spikes 3, short ; pistillate spikes 2 — 3, cylindric, quite loose-flow- 

 ered, pendulous, subdistant, with filiform peduncles; perig. o\ ate, globose, 

 inflated, glabrous, long-rostrate, hispid, a little longer than the lanceolate or 

 ovate, cuspidate glume ; stem 15 — 30 inches high, rather slender, stiff, leafy 

 below. Bright green. On light soil of hedges in N. England and N. York. 

 Common. 



115. C. LANUGINOSA. Mx. C. pelita. Muk. 

 Staminate spikes 2, oblong, slender, erect ; pistillate spikes 2 — 3, cylindric, 



erect, dense-flowered, sometimes short-oblong and thick, subrostrate ; perig. 

 ovate, short-rostrate, bicuspitate, subtriquetrous, thick, pubescent and woolly, 

 about equaling the ovate-lanceolate awned glume ; stem 12 — 24 inches high, 

 nearly round, below, with flat, linear-lanceolate leaves and bracts. Glabrous 

 and yellowish green. Wet places and marshes. Common. 



116. C. FiLiFORMis. Gooden. 



Staminate spikes 2 — 3, with oblong glumes ; pistillate spikes 2 — 3, ovate, 

 oblong, short-cylindric, close-flowered, reniolish, erect; perig. ovate, villose, 

 short-rostrate, bil'urcate, about equaling the ovate, acute glume ; stem 20 — 30 

 inches high, erect, slender, stiff, with convolute leaves and bracts. Pale 

 green. Marshes. Common. 



117. C. LACUSTRIS. Willd. 



Staminate spikes 3 — 4, erect, sessile ; pistillate spikes 2 — 3, erect, oblong, 

 cylindric, short-pedunculate ; perig. ovate-oblong, tapering or lanceolate, 



