KUBIACEJE. 174 VIBURNUM. 



er large, terminal, sessile. Flowers white, succeeded by oval, blackish ber- 

 ries which are sweet and eatable. Jn. Black-Haw. Sloe. 



8. V. denta'tum. 



Nearly smooth ; /tares roundish-ovate, dentate-serrate, subplicate, on long- 

 stalks; rymcs pedunculate. A shrub, 8 — 12 feet high, not uncommon in our 

 damp woods and thickets. It is called arrow-wood from the long, straight, 

 slender branches or young shoots. Leaves roundish, 2 or 3 inches in diame- 

 ter, the upper pair oval, the ribs beneath prominent, parallel and pubescent 

 in their axils. Flowers white, succeeded by small, roundish, dark blue ber- 

 ries. June. Arrow-wood. 



9. V. puee'scens. 



Leaves ovate, acuminate, dentate-serrate, subplicate, villous beneath and 

 somewhat hairy above, on short stalks ; sdpulae 2, subulate; cymes peduncu- 

 late ; //•/«'< oblong. In dry, rocky woods and thickets. A shrub, .about six 

 feet high. Leaves about 2 inches long, each with a pair of short, hairy, sub- 

 ulate trppendages (stipular.^) at tlie base of the very short petiole. Cymes 

 small, few-flowered. Flowers rather larger than those of the foregoing species, 

 white. June. Downy Viburnum. 



10. V. TiNus. 



Leaves ovate, entire, their veins with hairy tufts beneath. An exceedingly 

 beautiful evergreen shrub, from Europe. Hight 4 — 5 feet. Leaves acute, 

 veiny, dark shining green above, paler beneath. Flowers white, tinged with 

 red, very showy. Degrees of pubescence variable. Laurestine. 



ORDER LXXIII. RUBIACE^. ne Madder Tribe. 



Cril. — Tube more or le.ss adherent (superior or half-.superior), limb 4 — 5-clef'l. 



Cor. — Regular, inserted upon the calyx tube, and of the same number ot' divisions. 



Sfn. — Inserted upon the tube ol' corolla, equal in number and alternate with its segments. 



Ora.— a- (rarely more) celled. Style single or partly divided. 



Fr. — Various. ' Serrls one. few or many in each cell. 



An extensive order of trees, shrubs and herbs. Leaves opposite, sometimes verticillate, 

 entire and furnished with slipule.s. It i.s generally divided into two Suborders, viz., stel- 

 LAT-E and ciNciioNE.E, to which a third, loganie.e (^^"hich has no representatives at the 

 North) is appended by Torrey and Gray. 



The species of the first Suborder, Steilat.-r-, are common in the northern parts of both con- 

 tinents ; the two other Suborders chielly prevail in warm or torrid regions. 



Propprtie.s. A verj- important family, furnishing many useful products. The madder, one 

 of the most important of dyes, is furnislied by the root of Rubia linctoria. A similar color- 

 ing matter is possessed by several species of Galium. Among the cixciiomeje we find 

 Cinchona and Ccph.-vlis, furni.shing two of the most valuable of all medicines. Peruvinn 

 bark, a powerl'ul If !ii iluirr. well known and appreciated everywhere, is the product of sev- 

 eral species of the iiiiim:-. \iz. Cinchona mieranthia, C. condainiuea, C, lanceolata, C. 

 magnit<)lia,&.c.all iKiin cs olPeru. Their febrifugal properties depend upon the presence ol" 

 two alkalies, Ciwlmtiia and Qinnia, both combined ■with Kinic nciil. Ipemrumtha. the prince 

 of all emetics, is the product of the root of CephiElis Ipecacuanha, a little shrubby plant w/tb 

 creeping roots, in the damp forests of Brazil. Several other species of Ciiiehoneieafl'ord 

 substitutes lor the true ipecac. 



Cofff is tlie liurd albumen of the seeds of Coffea Arabica, a tree of moderate size, with 

 a light brown trunk and a conical shaped head. Leaves shining, light green. Flowers 

 white, fragrant. 'J'hc berries are black when ripe. Coffee is said to have been used in 

 Ethiopia from time immemorial. In Paris and London it seems not to have been in gene- 

 ral use earlier tliau the year 1700, but since that time, enough has been drank in Euroi)e 

 and America to float the Brilish navy. 



Consfcclus of the genera. 

 j Flowers terminal, the ovaries united. . MitrhHla. 2 



I Leaves opposite. ( Flowers solitary or clustered. . . . HaUotis. S 



Herbs. | Leav('S verticillate. Styles two. Giilimn. 1 



( Flowers densely aggregate in a globose head Cep/inlant/mf.A 



Shrubs ( Flowers solitary, very large. Exotic Portiandia. 5 



