JOGLANDACE^. 339 



feet high vs'ith a diameter of 3 — 6. In open lands it spreads wide]}' into a 

 spacious head. The duramen of the wood is compact and heavy, of a deep 

 violet color, surrounded with a white albumen. It is used extensively, west 

 of tlie Alleghanies, for building, and every where for cabinet work. April. 

 May. Blacli Walnut. 



2. CA'RYA. 



Sterile Jl. — Ameiits imbricated, slender and nnostly ternate ; 

 scales 3-parted ; stamens 4—6; anthers hairy. Fertile Jl. — 

 Calyx 4-cleft, superior; corolla 0; styles ; stigma divided, 

 2iobed, the lobes bifid ; epicarp 4-valved ; nucleus subquad- 

 rangular, even. 



Gr. ie.a.^'ju., the walnut, from x-uqcc, roundish ; in allusion to the shape of 

 the nut. Large trees. Pubescence stellate. 



1. 0. ALBA. JVuft. Juglans squamosa. Mx. f. 

 Leaflets 5 — 7, on long petioles, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sharplv seriate, 



villous beneath, the odd one sessile ; ametits filiform, smooth ; fruit somewhat 

 quadrangular, smooth. Native throughout the Atlantic States and sometimes 

 farther west. In forests it is very tall and slender, with rough and sha^ay 

 bark, consisting externally of long, narrow plates loosely adhering by the 

 middle. Like other hickories, the wood is strong and elastic, compact and 

 heavy, and is much used where these qualities are required, as in making 

 hoops, whip stalks, axe handles, the keels of vessels, dec. It is considered 

 superior to all other wood for fuel. The fruit is covered with a very thick 

 epioarp separating into 4 parts, and containing a thin-shelled, richly-flavored 

 kernel. April. May. Shag-bark It'altiut or Hickory. 



2. C. TOMENTO'SA. Mx. Juglans alba. L. 

 Leaflets 7 or 9, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly serrate, pubescent 



beneath, odd one subppliolatc ; aments filiform, tomentose ; //it/^ subglobose, 

 smooth, with a very thick pericarp ; 7iut with a hard, thick shell and a small, 

 but agreeably-flavored kernel. This tree is found in all the Atlantic States, 

 growino- 50 feet high in woods. The bark is thick and rugged, but never 

 scaly. In winter it may be known by its large, greyish white and very hard 

 buds. The drupes, which are very various in size, have a small kernel 

 difficult to extract, on which account they are less sought than the shag- 

 Larks. April. May. If kite Walnut. Mockernut Hickury. 



3. C. PORCI'NA. ^^utt. Juglans glabra. WiUd. 

 Leaflets mostly 7, lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, smooth both sides, odd one 



subsessile ; fruit a.nil nucleus obcordate or oblong. Found in woods through- 

 out the U. S., growing to the hight of .50— 70 feet. The drupes afford small, 

 bitter kernels. The wood possesses the general properties of the hickories in 

 a superior degree and is used wherever great strength is required. It makes 

 excellent fuel. May. Hog Walnut. 



4. C. AMA'EA. JVutt. Juglans amara. Mx. 

 Leaflets about 9, ovate-oblong, acuminate, sharply serrate, smooth both sides, 



except the pubescent nerves and midrib, odd one short, petiolate, the rest 

 sessile ; fruit subglobose, with the sutures prominent above ; drupe smooth, 

 subgkibose ; kernel bitter. Grows in most of the U. S. but attains its greatest 

 size in Penn. and along the Ohio valley. The drupe has a thin shell vi-hich 

 may be broken by the fingers and contains a kernel so bitter that animals 

 Will scarcely toucii it. Bitternut Hickory. 



