CUPULtFERiE. 342 q,UERCUS. 



roundish ovate. The yellow oak abounds in the Middle and Western States, 

 in rocky and mountainous woods, it is a large tree, UO feet in hight. Bark 

 whitish, slightly furrowed. Leaves regularly toothed, lio-ht green above, 

 whitish beneath. Flowers in iNlay, succeeded by acorns usually sweet- 

 flavored. Timber little used. Yellow Ouk. Chestnut Oak. 



9. Q. ClIl'NQUAPIN. M:t. Q. prinoides. WiUd. 

 Leaves on short petioles, obovate, acute at the base, glaucous beneath, with 



coarse, subequal, dilated teeth, callous at the tip; c«/> hemispVierical ; acorn 

 ovate. This is one of the most diminutive of ail the oaks, never exceeding 

 3 — 4 feet in hight. It is native of the Northern and Middle States, in barren 

 woods, but not common. The flowers appear in May, followed by acorns of 

 middle size, very sweet and so abundant as often to weigh the shrub pros- 

 trate on the ground. Dioarf Chestnut Oak. 



* * Fructification biennial. Leaves set"iceously mucronate, sinuate-lobed. 



10. Q. RUBRA. 



Lnav-s on long petioles, smooth, obtusely sinuate, lobes rather acute, den- 

 tate ; cup shallow and flat, smoothish ; acorn subovate. The red oak is the 

 niost coininon species in the Northern States and in Canada. It is a loftv. 

 wide-spreading tree, 70 feet in hight with a diameter of 3 or 4. The leaves 

 are 6 — ID inches long, smooth on both sides, with deep and rounded sinuses 

 between the narrow, mucronate lobes. The flowers appear in May, succeeded 

 by verj'^ large acorns contained in cups so shallow as rather to resemble 

 saucers than cups, and are greedily devoured by wild and domesticated 

 animals. The bark is extensively used in tanning. The wood is reddish, 

 coarse-grained, of little value as timber, but excellent for fuel. Red Oak. 



n. R. tincto'ria. 



Leaves obovate, oblong, a little sinuate, pubescent beneath, lobes oblong, 

 obtuse, mucronate ; cup flat ; acorn depressed-globose. This oak is found 

 throughout the U. S. It is one of tlie loftiest trees of the forest, 80 — 90 feet 

 in hight and 4 — 5 in diameter. Bark deeply furrowed, black or deep brown. 

 Leaves 0— rf inches long, broadest towards the end. Acorns brown, nearly 

 sessile, about half covered with the thick, scaly cup. From the bark of this 

 species, quercitron, used in dyeing, is obtained, hence it is called quercitron 

 oak. The bark is used in tanning. Black Oak. 



12. Q. cocci'kea. 



Leaves on long petioles, oblong, deeply sinuate, smooth, lobes divaricate, 

 dentate, acute ; eyp turbinate, scaly ; acorn short, ovate. The scarlet oak is 

 most abundant in the Middle and Southern States, but is often met with in 

 the more southern parts of N. England. It is a large tree, 80 feet in hight, 

 with a diameter of 3 or 4. Leaves of a blight, shining green, with about 4 

 deep sinuses remarkably rounded and broad at the base. By the frosts of 

 autumn they are changed to scarlet, unlike those of the red oak which become 

 dull red or brov/n. Acorns large, similarly rounded at both ends, half im- 

 mersed iu the cup. Bark very thick, used in tanning. The wood is little 

 valued for timber or fuel. Scarlet Ouk. 



13. Q. palu'stris. 



Leaves on long petioles, oblong, deeply sinuate, smooth ; axUs of the veins 

 villous beneath, lobes divaricate, dentate, acute; cup fiat, smooth; acorn 

 subglobose. The pin oak is most luxuriant in Penn. and the adjacent districts 

 of olher States, rare in New England, growing in swamps and v/et woods. 

 Hight tiO — 80 feet, with a diameter of 2 — 4. It is remarkable for its unusual 

 nujober of secondary branches which die as the tree advances, iiivincr the 

 irunk the appearance of having pins or tree nails driven into it. Bark smooth. 

 Wood coarse-grained, little esteemed as timber. Acorns small, round, in 

 shallow cups. May. Fin Ouk. 



