ULMACE^. 331 DLMUS. 



7~~ ' ■ 



in April and May, much earlier than the leaves. They are small, yellow, 

 funnel-shaped, about 3 together issuing from the same bud. Leaves entire, 

 on short petioles, pale underneath. Stamens much longer than the sepals, 

 alternately a long and a sliort one. Berry oval, small, red. Every part of 

 this shrub is very tough. The twigs furnish " rods for the fool's back," the 

 bark is used for ropes, baskets, &c. Woods and swamps, Enfield, N. Hamp- 

 shire, &c. Leather Wood. 



ORDER CXVII. EL.^AGxNACE^. 



Fh. — Generally dicecious. 



Sterile fl. Cal. — 4-parletl. Sta. 3, 4 or 8, sessile. Anth. 2-celIed. 



Fertile fl. Cal. — Free, tubular, persistent, limb entire or 2 — l-iootlied. 



Ofa. — Simple, 1-celled. Oi-uic solitary, stipilate. SJr'g-. simple, subulate, glandular. 



Fr. — Aoheniuni crustaccous, enclosed within the calyx which becomes succulent and 



baccate. 

 SiJs. — Ascending. Embryo straight, in thin, fleshy albumen. 



Trees and shrubs. Leaves aUernate or opposite, entire, v/ithout stipules. Flowers 

 axillary. Foliage and fruit covered with scurf. 



SHEPHE'RDIA. 

 Flowers dioecious. Sterile jl. — Calyx 4-cIert ; stamens 8, 

 alternating with 8 glands. Fertile Ji. — Calyx tube closely 

 investing the ovary, but not adhering to it, limb 4-lobed; 

 style 1; stigma oblirjue; berry globose, composed of the 

 fleshy calyx. 



North. American slirubs, with spinescent branches, and opposite, deciduous 

 leaves. Fls. aggregated. 



S. Canade'nsis. KuU. HippophfE Canadensis. WiJId. 



Leaves elliptic-ovate, nearly smooth above, clothed beneath with stellate 

 hairs and ferruginous, deciduous scales. A shrub, 6 — 8 feet higli, found in 

 N. Y. and Vt., by streams and on river banks. Flowers minute. Berries 

 scaly, sweetisli to the taste. July. 



ORDER CXVin. ULWACE.S. Ue Elm Tribe. 



Fl'. — "Pcrl'ect or polygamous. 



Cal. — Free from the ovary, campanulale, 4 — 5-clcft, imbricate in rcstivo.lion. 



Sta. — Inserted on the base'of the calyx, as many as its lubes, and opposite to ihein. 



Ova. — 1 — '2-celled. Oi-ules soiilary. Stigmas2, distinct. 



Pr.— Indehiscenl, either a samara or drupe, 1-celled ; ] -seeded. 



Seeil pendulous, without albumen. Cotyledons foliacious. 



An order of small extent, embracing trees and shrubs, with alternate, rough, simple and 

 deciduous leaves and stipules. They are natives of the northern temperate zone. The 

 mucilaginous bark of the slippery elm (ulmus I'ulva) is the only important medicinal product. 

 Several of the elms afford excellent timber. 



Genera. 



Flowers all perfect. Calyx 4 — S-cleft. Fruit samarr!? Vlmus. 1 



Flowers polygamous. Calyx of sterile fl. 6-parted. Fruit a drupe. . . CeUis. 2 



1. ULMUS. 

 Flowers perfect. Calyx cam[>anulate, 4 — 5-cleft ; stamens 

 5 — 8; styles 2 ; samara compressed, with a broad, membra- 

 naceous border. 



