156 APPENDAGES. 



root is annual. But such propagation is only the exten- 

 sion of an individual, and not a re-production of the 

 species as by seed. Accordingly, all plants increased 

 by buds, cuttings, layers, or roots, retain precisely the 

 peculiar qualities of the individual to which they owe 

 their origin. If those qualities differ from what are 

 common to the species, sufficient to constitute what is 

 called a variety, that variety is perpetuated through all 

 the progeny thus obtained. This fact is exemplified in 

 a thousand instances, none more notorious than the dif- 

 ferent kinds of apples, all varieties of one common 

 stock."* 



The Bulbs which have been formerly described are 

 closely allied to Buds. This affinity is less obvious, 

 when the bulb occurs in its most usual position, beneath 

 the surface of the ground, than when it arises from the 

 bosom of the leaves, or in the vicinity of the flowers. 

 The Bulb-bearing Loose-strife presents an example of 

 the first, and the Meadow-garlic of the second variety ; 

 and in both cases it remains attached to the parent plant, 

 till the embryo it encloses has reached maturity. It 

 then falls to the ground, strikes root, and a new plant 

 is developed. In their situation these bulbs are anala- 

 gous to buds ; in their destiny they appear more like 

 bulbs, and are to be regarded as a connecting link between 

 the buds of trees, and the radical bulbs of herbaceous 

 plants. 



2. STIPULES. 



The leaves and their petioles are frequently accom- 

 panied by small leaf-like appendages, which, in the 



Smith. 



