170 FLOWER. 



ber of the teeth, segments, or leaves, unless they 

 are numerous and indeterminate. 



Double, Fig. 84, when it is composed of two distinct 

 rows of leaves or scales which enclose each other, as 

 in the Mallows. If the exterior scales are very small, 

 the calyx is said to be calyculate. 



Common, Fig. 73, when it encloses several florets, 

 as in the Dandelion and Sun flower. 



The calyx is cylindrical, as in the Garden Pink ; 

 prismatic, in the Monkey-flower; urceolate, as in the 

 Rose ; ventricose or inflated, as in the Catch-fly ; turbi- 

 nate or top-shaped, as in the Syringa ; imbricate, Fig. 

 73, as in the Asters ; dry and scariose, as in Everlast- 

 ing ; hooked, as in the Burdock ; and spinous, in the This- 

 tles. It is persistent, in the Syringa, and remains attach- 

 ed to the fruit ; deciduous, in the Lime-tree, falling with 

 the other parts of the flower, and caducous, in the Pop- 

 py, falling before them. 



GLUME. Figs. 82, 83.— The peculiar Calyx of grass- 

 es is denominated glume, and the pieces of which it is 

 composed are termed its valves. 



In studying the grasses it is necessary to observe the 

 number of the valves which compose the calyx, and 

 the number of flowers which the calyx encloses. 



SCALE. — In some cases the calyx consists of a mere 

 scale to which the more essential parts of the flower 

 are attached, and by which they are protected previous 

 to their expansion. Several of these scales being at- 

 tached to a filiform receptacle, constitute the catkin, 

 Fig. 71, and when permanent, they at last form a cone, 

 as in the Pines, Fig. 72. 



For the sake of accurate discrimination, it is some- 

 times necessary to observe the form of the scale, and 

 also its peculiar arrangement and duration. 



