ANALYSIS OF SUBJECTS. 



§7. OF THE NECTARY AND DISK. — ' 



107, Definition, — a, Nectary — labellum — spur, — i, Disk — hypogynous — epi- 

 gynous, — c, true character. 



§ 8. OF ESTIVATION. — 50. 



108, Definition — vernation, — a, illustration. 1, ^Estivation valvate, — 2, Convo- 

 lute, — 3, Quincuncial, — 4, Contorted, — 5, Alternate, — 6, Vexillary, — 7, Indupli- 

 cate, — S, Supervolute. 



CHAPTER Vin. — THE FRUIT. — 51. 



109, Its importance — design, — a, utility, — 3, in respect to time — defined. 110, 

 Analogous to ovary — changes, — a, examples. 



§1. OF THE PERICARP. -52. 



Ill, Fruit consists of, — a, naked seeds. 112, Pericarp defined — epicarp — sar- 

 cocarp, — a. illustration. 113, Physiology of growth, — 114, of ripening, — a, acidi- 

 fication, — 6, maturity. 115, Dehiscence — indehiscent — valves, — 1, Dehiscence 

 loculicidal, — 2, Septicidal, — 3, Septifragal, — 4, Sutural, — 5, Circumscissile. UG, 

 Forms of pericarp. — 1, Capsule, — a, cells — columella. — 2, Silique. — 3, Silicle. — 

 4, Legume. — 5, Follicle. — 6, Drupe. — 7, Nut. — 8, Caryopsis. — 9, Achenium. — 

 10, Samara. — 11, Pyxis. — 12, Pome. — 13, Pepo. — 14, Berry — strawberry — black- 

 berry. — 15, Strobile. 



CHAPTER IX. — THE ERUIT.— 57. 



$2. OF THE SEED. 



117, The seed defined, — a, its parts, 118, integuments — testa — mesosperm — 

 endopleura, — a, Testa, its substance — surface — form — appendages, — 5, Coma 

 distinguished. 119, Aril. 120, Hilum. 121, Seed orthotropous — anatropous. 122, 

 Albumen — where most abundant — where wanting. 123, Embryo — 124, its 

 parts, — a, radicle, — b, plumule — its direction. 125, Cotyledon, — a, the number, 

 &c. 126, ^Monocotyledons — endogens. 127, Dicotyledons — exogens distin 

 guished. 128, Cotyledons many — none. 129, Embryos, number of. — Spores 



§3. OF GERMINATION. — 60. 



130, The embryo, its importance, — a, germination defined, — 131, the process ex 

 plained. 132, The cotyledons. 133, Conditions of germination, — a, heat — 5, 

 •water — c, oxygen — d, darkness. 134, Duration of the vitality of seeds. I^oie, 

 Two examples of. 



§4. OF DISSEMINATION. — 61. 



135, Eemark — examples, Erigeron — a, Wings, hooks — b, Impatiens — Streams 

 and oceans — Squirrels, birds. 



CHAPTER X. — THE ROOT. — 62. 



136, Its definition — origin, — a, divisions. 137, Prone direction, — a, horizontal 

 direction. 138, Number and extent. 139, How distinguished from stems. 140, Ex- 

 ceptions — adventitious buds — subterranean stems. 141, Collum — a, stationary. 

 142, Parts of the root, — a, caudex — b, fibres — c, spongioles. 143, Forms of roots. 

 144, Ramose — a, analogous to branches — illustration, — b, further illustration, — 

 c, extent of roots. 145, Fusiform root — forked — tap root — premorse — napiform. 

 146, Fibrous, — a, fasciculated. 147, Tuberous, — a, palmate — -5, gi-anulated. 14S, 

 Use of fleshy roots. 149, Floating root. 150, Epiphytes — parasites. 



PHYSIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT. — 66 



151, Internal stnicture. 152, Fibrils, structure — function. 153, Growth of root. 

 154, Its most obvious function — most important one — a, illustration. 155, Activity 

 of absorption dependent on. 156, Part which absorbs, &c. — a, illustration, — 6, 

 transplanting. 157, Force of absorption, — a, illustration. 158, Cause of absorp- 

 tion — not ciipillai-y attraction, — a, experiment in philosophv — exosraose — endos- 

 mose. 159, Requisite conditions, — a, how they exist in the root, — application. 

 160, Use of absorption, — «, power of choice — illustration. 



