144 I. RANUxVCULACEiE. Coptis, 



dichotomous. Lower leaves 2 — 4' wide, on long semicylindric petioles, upper 

 ones sessile, all of a dark shining green, veiny and smooth. Flowers of a 

 golden yellow in all their parts, 1^' diam., few and pedunculate. Outer row 

 of filaments clavate, twice longer than the inner. The young leaves are in 

 great request in spring, for greens. May. 



/?. integerrima. (C. integerrima. Ph.) Lvs. entire; sep. obovate, obtuse. 



y. j^na, with double flowers. Cultivated in gardens, 



7. TROLLIUS. 

 (Jenn. trol or trollen, globular; alluding to the form of the flowers. 



Sepals 5 — 10 — 15, roundish ovate, colored, deciduous; petals 5 — 

 25, small, linear, tubular at base ; stamens 00, much shorter than the 

 sepals ; follicles 00, subcjlindric, sessile, many-seeded. — % Smooth^ 

 with palmate leaves. 



1. T. LAXis. Salisb. (T. Americanus Muhl.) American Globe Flower. 



Sep. 5, oblong, spreading ; pet. 15 — 25, shorter than the stamens. — In 

 swamps, Can. to Penn. Not common. About If high. Leaves deeply cleft into 5 

 segments, which are lobed and cut-dentate. Sepals yellow, resembling petals, 

 4 — 5" long. Petals very small, orange-colored. Follicles about 10, crowned 

 with the persistent styles. This is the only American species. Jn. 



2. E. EuROP^us, European Globe Floicer. — Erect, branched, leafy ; lvs. deeply 

 cleft or divided, segments cuneate at base, acute, incisely lobed and toothed; 

 Jls. solitary, erect, large, globular ; pcd. long, naked; sep. closely converging; 

 pet. equaling the stamens. Native of Europe. Stem 2 — 3f high. Flowers 

 of a rich yellow. A very ornamental plant, of easy culture Irom seeds or 

 roots. May, Jn.f 



3. T. AsL^vTicus. Asiatic Globe Flo^L-er. — Erect ; lvs. deeply divided into 5 

 broad segments ; segments laciniately lobed and toothed ; jls. terminal, soli- 

 tary, pedunculate ; sep. spreading ; j)^t. longer than the stamens. — Native of 

 Asia. Plant about 2f high, with ample foliage and large, deep orange-color- 

 ed flowers — yellow in some of its varieties. Jn.f 



8. HELLEBORUS.— Adans, 

 EXeii', to cause death ; popa, food ; the poisonous qualities are well Known. 



Sepals 5, mostly greenish, persistent; petals 8 — 10, very short, 

 tubular, S-lipped ; stamens 00; stigmas 3 — 10, orbicular; follicles 

 cohering at base, many-seeded. — % Lvs. coriaceous., divided. Fls. 

 large ^ nodding. 



H. viRiDis. — Green Hellebore. 



Glabrous ; radical lvs. pedately divided, segments lanceolate, acute, ser- 

 rate ; cauline lvs. few, palmately parted, nearly sessile ; pcds. often in pairs ; sep. 

 roundish ovate, acute, green. — A European plant, ^ on Long Island. Stem 

 2—3 f. high, thick. Apr.f 



9. COPTIS.— Salisb. 



Gr. KOTTTCx), to cut ; from the numerous divisions of the leaves. 



Sepals 5 — 6, oblong, concave, colored, deciduous ; petals 5 — 6, 

 small, cucullate, obconic ; stamens 20 — 25 ; follicles 5 — 10, stipitate, 

 rostrate, diverging in a stellate manner, 4 — 6-seeded. — Loio herbs, 

 with radical leaves., and a long., slciuler, perennial., creeping rhizoma. 



C. TR [FOLIA. — Goldthread. 



Lvs. 3-fbliate ; scape 1-flowered ; pet. much smaller than the sepals. — Penn. 

 N. to Arctic Am. Stem subterranean, extensively creeping, golden yellow, very 

 bitter and tonic. Leaves all radical, leaflets sessile, 4 — 8" long, crenate-mu- 

 cronate, smooth, coriaceous, common petiole 1 — 2' long. Peduncles 3 — 4' 

 high, with a single, minute bract above tne middle, bearing a single white star- 

 like flower. The 5 or 6 yellow petals are barely distinguishable by their color 

 among the white stamens. Mav. Medicinal. 



