XII. FUMAllIACEiE. 157 



5. PAPAVER. 



Celtic, papa, pap ; a nopoiifii; loot! for rliildrcn, composod of poppy-seeds, &c; 



Sepals 2, caducous; petals 4 ; stameus 00 ; capsule 1 -celled, open- 

 ing by pores under the broad, persistent stigma. — Exotic herbs, mostly 

 (§), icUh ichite juice abounding in opium. 



1. P. SOMNIFKRUM. OpillVl Poj)})!/. 



Glabrous and f^-laucous; /c.s. claspinpr, incised and dentate; sc;;. glabrous; 

 cap. globose.— A plant with large, brilliantly white (lowers, double in cultiva- 

 tion. Stem U— 3f high. Leaves 4—8' by 2—3', with rather obtu.se dentures. 

 Every part, but especially the capsule, abounds with a white juice powerfully 

 narcotic, and which when hardened in the sun, lornis the njmivi of the shops. 

 For this' drug, it is extensively cultivated in Europe and southern Asia. Jn. 



2. P. DUBiuM. Dubious Poppy. 



Caulescent; si. hispid with spreading hairs ; Ivs. pinnately parted, seg- 

 ments incised ; ped. clothed with appressed hairs ; sep. hairy ; caps, obovoid- 

 oblong, glabrous.— Sparingly naturalized in cultivated grounds, Penn. Stem 

 about^^r high. Flowers light red or scarlet. Jn. Jl. ^ 



3. P. Rhjeas. Common Red Poppy.— St. many-flowered, hairy : Ivs. incisely 

 pinnatifid ; capsules smooth, nearly globose.— Distinguished Irom the last spe- 

 cies chiefly by its more finely divided leaves and its globular capsule. About 

 2 f high. Flowers very large and showy, of a deep scarlet red. Varieties are 

 produced with various shades of red and"' particolored flowers, more or less dou- 

 ble. Jn. Jl.f 



4. P. ORiENTALE. Oriental Poppij.—St. 1-flowered, rough; Irs. scabrous, 

 pinnate, serrate; capsules smooth." — Native of Levant. Stem 3f high. 

 Flowers very large, and of a rich scarlet color, too brilliant to be looked upon 

 in the sun, Jn. f 



6. ESCHSCHOLTZIA. 



Named for Eschscholtz, a German botanist, w ell known for his researches in California. 



Sepals 2, cohering by their edge, caducous ; petals 4 : stamens 00, 

 adhering to the claws of the petals ; stigmas 4 — 7, sessile, 2 — 3 of 

 them abortive ; capsule pod-shaped, cylindric, 10-striate, many- 

 seeded. — ® Leaves piimatifid, glaucous. The juice, ichich is colorless, 

 exhales the odor of hydrochloric acid. 



1. E. DouGLAsii. Hook. (Chryseis Californica,of Z/i?i^^. and of l.<;^e(^iY.)— 

 St. branching, leafy ; torus obconic ; cal. ovoid, with a very short, abrupt acu- 

 mination ; pet. bright yellow, with an orange spot at base.— A very showy 

 annual, common in our gardens. Native of California, Oregon, &c. The 

 foliage is smooth, abundant and rich, dividing in a twice or thrice pmnatifid 

 manner into linear segments. Flowers 2' broad, t 



2. E. Californica. Hook. (Chryseis crocea, Lindl. and of \st edit.)— St. 

 branching, leafy; tsrus funnel-form,'Avith a much dilated limb; cal. obconic, 

 with a long acumination; Jls. orange-yellow.— From California. Leaves and 

 color of flowers as in the preceding, except the latter are more of a reddish- 

 orange hue. t 



Order XII. FUMARIACE^.— Fumeworts. 



Plants herbaceous, with brittle stems and a watery juice. 



Lvs. usually alternate, multifid, often furnished with tendrils. 



FIs. irregular, purple, white or yellow. Sep. 2, deciduous. 



Cor. -Petals 4. hyposynous, parallel, one or both of the outer saccate 2 inner cohenne.at apex. 



Sta. 6, diadelphous r^/. dilated ; anth. adnate, extrorse, 2 outer l-celled, middle 2-celled. 



Ova. superior, irelled ; sty. filiform ; stig: with one or more points. 



Fr. either an indehiscent nut 1—2 seeded, or a pod-shaped capsule many-seeded. 



Sds. shining, ariled. Albumen fleshy. 



Genera 15, species 110,-some of them beautiful and delicate, inhabiling thickets in the temperate 

 regions of the northern hemispheie. They possess no remarkable action upon the animal eco.oray. 



