338 LXXV. COMPOSITE. Zinnia. 



prominences, each branch leafless towards the summit and bearing a large head 

 with 12 — 15 bright yellow rays. These are an inch long, and surround a broad- 

 ly conical disk of dark purple or dark brown chaff and flowers. July— Sept. f 



5. R. FCLGiDA. Ait. (R. chrysomela. Michx. R. spatulata. Ph.) 



St. hirsute, with rigid hairs ; branches slender, naked above ; lv$. strigose- 

 pubescent, remotely denticulate, radical petiolate, ovate, cauline lance-oblong, 

 tapering to the sessile, subclasping base ; scaUs oblong, spreading, as long as 

 the spreading rays ; chaff linear-oblong, obtuse. — Mountains, Penn. to Ohio ! 

 and Ga, Stem 1— 3f high. Rays 12—14, scarcely longer than the leafy invo- 

 lucre, deep orange-yellow. July, Oct. f 



6. R. spEciosA, Wender, 



St. hispidly hirsute ; branches .slender, elongated, naked above ; Ivs. sca- 

 brous-pubescent, strongly dentate, radical ones broadly ovate, 5-veined, on long 

 petioles, cauline ovate and lanceolate, 3-veined, upper sessile; scales lance-lin- 

 ear, much shorter than the spreading rays ; chaff linear-oblong, acute. — Bor- 

 ders of woods. 111. JcnJiei/I Ohio! to Penn. A large and very show^^ species, 

 2 — 4f high. Leaves rather thin, radical 4 — 5' by 3 — 4', the teeth mucronu- 

 late ; petioles 6 — 10' long. Rays about 18, oblong,linear, bright yellow. Aug. 

 —Oct. t 



31. ECHINACEA. McEnch. 



Gr, e^ivos, the hedgehog ; from the character of the palea. 



Involucre scales imbricated in 2 rows ; ray-flowers neutral ; disk- 

 flowers $ ; receptacle conic, with rigid, mucronate paleae ; pappus 0. 

 — % Lvs. alternate. Rays 'purple., pendulous. 



1. E. PURPUREA. Moench. (Rudbeckia Linn.) Purple Ccme-fiou-er or 

 Covib-f^ower. — Very rough ; loicer lvs. broad-ovate, attenuate at base, 



remotely toothed ; cauline 07ics lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, nearly entire ; rays 

 very long, deflexed, bifid. — Thickets and barrens, Western ! and Southern States. 

 A tall, handsome plant, often cultivated. Stem 4f high, branched, sulcate. 

 Leaves 4 — 8' long, -A- as wide, rough, with short, stiif bristles, 3-veined. Heads 

 large, solitary, on long peduncles. Disk thickly beset with the stiff, pointed, 

 brown chaff. Rays about 15, 2 — 3' long, pendulous. July — Sept. — Root black, 

 pungent, medicinal, f 



/?. Rays nearly white.— 111. Dr. Mead in T. d^ G. Fl. Am. 



2. E. ANGUSTiFOLiA. DC. (Rudbcckia. pallida. Nuft.) 



St. hispid, subsimple, slender, naked above ; lvs. entire, hispidly pubescent, 

 3-veined, lower ones lanceolate, petiolate, upper lance-linear, sessile ; scales in 

 about 2 rows, short ; rai/s 12 — 20, slender, drooping. — Prairies and marshes. 111. 

 Mo. to Tex. Plant of "a more slender habit than the last, 2 — 3f high. Leaves 

 3 — 6' by 3 — 6". Petioles — 8" long. Heads on long, naked peduncles. Rays 

 1 — 2' long, purple, varying to white. Disk brown. May — July. 



32. LEPACHYS. 

 Involucre in one series of linear scales ; ray flowers few, neutral, 

 disk perfect ; receptacle columnar, chaffy ; chaff obtuse and bearded 

 at apex ; pappus ; fertile achenia compressed, 1 — 2-winged. — % Lvs. 

 alternate^ pinnately divided. Hds. of Jlowers yellow, with long, droop- 

 ing rays. 



L. piNN'ATA. Torr. & Gray, (Rudbeckia. Mr, Obeliscaria, Cass.) 

 Scabrous; lvs. all pinnate, the divisions 3 — 7, some of the lower ones 2- 

 parted, the rest undivided ; rays elongated. — In dry soil. Western N, Y., West- 

 ern ! and Southern States. Stem 2 — 4f high, slender, furrowed and hispid. 

 Heads very showy. Rays yellow, about 2' in length, pendulous, the disk ovate, 

 purple, 



33. ZINNIA. 



Dedicated to John Godfrey Zinn, a German botanist, 1557. 



Involucre scales oval, margined, imbricate ; rays 5, persistent, en- 



