S44 XLVIll. ROSACEiE. Pyrus. 



small. — Hedges, &c., sparingly naturalized. Shrub very branching, 8 — 18f 

 high. Thorns slender, very sharp, axillar}^ ^' long. Leaves 1^ — 2' long, nearly 

 as wide, lower ones deeply lobed ; petioles § — 1' long, with 2 leafy stipules at 

 base. Flowers AVhite. Fruit 2 — 3" diam., purple. — Used for hedges (exten- 

 sively in Eui'ope). There are several varieties. ^ :^ 



6. C. PARViFLORA. Ait. (C. tomeutosa. Michx. Me.spilus laciniata. WaU.) 

 Thorns .slender; lis. coriaceous, pubescent, cuneate-obovate, subsessile, in- 



cisely serrate ; /.s. subsolitary; cal. with the pedicels dmd. bran chlcts \\\\oviS,-\.o- 

 mentose; scp. laciniate, foliaceous; sty. 5; fr. large, roundish-obovoid, with 5 

 bony, 1-seeded nuts. — Sandy woods, N. J. and Southern States. A much 

 branched shrub, 4 — 7f high. Leaves 1 — 2' by \ — f ', the upper surface shining 

 and nearly glabrous when old. Fruit greenish-yellow, near |' diam., and eata- 

 ble when ripe. Apr. May. 



7. C. coRDATA. Ait. (C. populifolia. Walt.) Washington Thorn. 



Thorn glabrous and glandless ; Its. cordate-ovate, somewhat deltoid, acu- 

 minate, incisely lobed and serrate, with long and slender petioles; sep. short; 

 sty. 5 ; fr. small, globose-depressed. — Banks of streams, Va. to Ga., cultivated 

 in the Middle States for hedge-rows. Shrub 15 — 20f high, the branches Avith 

 very sharp and slender thorns 2 — 3' long. Leaves often deeply 3 — 5-lobed, about 

 2' by 1§'. Pomes i' diam., numerous, red. Jn. ^:j: 



7. PYRUS. 

 Celtic peren; Anglo-Saxon perf- ; Tx. poire: hat. pi/rm ; Eng. pear. 



Calyx Tirceolate, limb 5-cleft; petals 5, roundish ; styles 5 (2 or 3), 

 often united at base ; pome closed, 2 — 5-carpeled, fleshy or baccate ; 

 carpels cartilaginous, 2-seeded. — Trees or shrubs. Lvs. simple or piii- 

 Tiate. Fls. irhite or rose-colored, in cymose corymbs. 



§ Leaves simple. Cyme simple. Styles united at base. 



1. P. coRONARiA. (Malus. Mill.) Crab Apple. Sweet-scented Crab-tree. 

 Lvs. broad-ovate, rounded at base, incisely serrate, often sublobate, smooth- 



ish, on very slender petioles ; pet. unguiculate ; sty. united and wooly at the 

 base: fr. as well as the/s. very fragrant, corymbose. — Borders of woods, Mid. 

 West, and South. States. A sinall tree, 10 — 20f high, with spreading branches. 

 Leaves 2 — 3' long, § as wide, resembling those of Crataegus coccinea ; petioles 

 i — I' long. Flowers very large, rose-colored, in loose corymbs of 5 — 10. Fruit 

 as large (1 — li' diam.) as a small apple, yellowish, hard and sour, but esteem- 

 ed for preserves. May. :j: 



2. P. ANGCSTiFOLiA. Ait. (Malus. Michx.) 



Glabrous; Zr.<:. lance-oblong, acute at base, slightly dentate-serrate, shin- 

 ing above; sty. distinct; //•. small. — Penn. and S. States. A tree 15 — 20f high, 

 resembling the last, but with smaller leaves and fruit. Apr. May. 



3. P. Malus. Common Apple Tree. — Leaves ovate, or oblong-ovate, serrate, 

 acute or short-acuminate, pubescent above, tomentose beneath, petiolate ; co- 

 rymbs subumbellate: ;?cf/icc/.sand cfl/7/.rvillose-tomentose; pet. with short claws; 

 sty. 5, united and villose at base ; pome globose. — Native in Europe and almost 

 naturalized here. Tree 20— 25f high (in thickets 25 — 40). Branches rigid, 

 crooked, .spreading. Bark rough and blackish. Leaves 2—3' long, f as wide, 

 petioles i — V long. Flowers expanding with the leaves, fragrant, large, clothing 

 the tree in their light roseate hue, making ample amends for its roughness and de- 

 formity. — The Romans had 22 varieties {Pliny) but the number is now greatly 

 increased. Probably nearly 1000 varieties are cultivated in the U. S. ij: 



4. P. COMMUNIS. Pear TV-e/'.—Z/^arcs. ovate-lanceolate, subserrate, glabrous 

 above, pubescent beneath, acute or acuminate ; corymbs racemose ; cal. and pe- 

 dicels pubescent; .<y. 5, distinct and villose at ba.se; pome nyriform. — Tree 

 usuallv taller than the apple, 20— 35f high. Bark rough, blackish. Branches 

 ascending. Leaves 2— 3^' long, | as wide ; petioles 1—2' long. Flowers white, 

 small.— Native in Europe, where, in its wild state, the fruit is small and im- 

 palatable. The Romans cultivated 36 varieties (Pliny), but, like the apple, 

 varieties without end are now raised from the seed of this delicious fruit, -j- 



